Is Interleukin-17 Involved in the Interaction Between Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Gingival Inflammation?

Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a hormonal disorder of females of reproductive age that impacts their oral and systemic health. The aim of this study is to evaluate interleukin-17A (IL-17A), IL-17F, IL-17A/F, and IL-17E (IL-25) levels in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), saliva, and serum of non-obese females with PCOS and with either a clinically healthy periodontium or gingivitis.

Methods: Thirty-one females with PCOS, 30 females with PCOS and gingivitis, and 12 systemically and periodontally healthy females participated in the study. Clinical periodontal measurements, body mass index, and Ferriman-Gallwey score (FGS) (a measure of hirsutism in females) were recorded. Circulating levels of sex hormones, cortisol, and insulin were also determined. Levels of IL-17 cytokines were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results: The general linear model multivariate analysis, adjusting for age or plaque index, showed that the two groups with PCOS had higher concentrations of IL-17A, IL-17F, and IL-17A/F in serum and higher levels of IL-17A and IL-17F in GCF and saliva but lower serum IL-17E than systemically healthy females. Levels of IL-17E were lowest in females with PCOS and gingivitis who also had the highest FGS. Serum IL-17A and IL-17F levels correlated positively with FGS and periodontal probing depth (all ρ >0.33; P <0.005). Serum IL-17E showed the reverse relationship and also correlated negatively with IL-17A (ρ >-0.28; P <0.05).

Conclusions: IL-17 levels are altered in non-obese females with PCOS and may influence gingival inflammation. Additional studies are warranted to clarify the relationship between PCOS and gingivitis.