Antimüllerian Hormone Levels Decrease in Women Using Combined Contraception Independently of Administration Route
Overview
Affiliations
Objective: To compare the effects of continuous use of oral (OC), transdermal, and vaginal combined contraceptives on the pituitary-ovarian axis and inhibition of follicular development.
Design: Spin-off study of a prospective, randomized trial.
Setting: University clinic.
Patient(s): Forty-two of 54 healthy women completed the study.
Intervention(s): Treatment with combined OCs (ethinyl E2 [EE] and desogestrel), transdermal patches (EE and norelgestromin), or vaginal rings (EE and etonogestrel) for 9 weeks continuously. Blood sampling was performed before and at 5 and 9 weeks of treatment.
Main Outcome Measure(s): Changes in serum hormone levels induced by combined contraceptives.
Result(s): Serum antimüllerian hormone (AMH), FSH, inhibin B, LH, and E2 levels had decreased significantly in all study groups after 9 weeks of treatment. Significant declines were already detected after 5 weeks' use of combined contraceptives with regard to all hormone levels apart from those of serum AMH, where the decrease between baseline and 5 weeks was only moderate. Between groups, serum levels of AMH, inhibin B, LH, and E2 were comparable at baseline and after 5 and 9 weeks of treatment.
Conclusion(s): The decrease of serum AMH levels during the use of all combined contraceptives indicates that folliculogenesis is arrested independently of administration route.
Clinical Trial Registration Number: NCT01087879.
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