Cyclic Alternating Pattern is Associated with Cerebral Hemodynamic Variation: a Near-infrared Spectroscopy Study of Sleep in Healthy Humans

Overview

Journal PLoS One

Specialties General Medicine
Science

Date 2012 Oct 17

PMID 23071658

Citations 7

Authors

Tiina Nasi

Jaakko Virtanen

Jussi Toppila

Tapani Salmi

Risto J Ilmoniemi

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

The cyclic alternating pattern (CAP), that is, cyclic variation of brain activity within non-REM sleep stages, is related to sleep instability and preservation, as well as consolidation of learning. Unlike the well-known electrical activity of CAP, its cerebral hemodynamic counterpart has not been assessed in healthy subjects so far. We recorded scalp and cortical hemodynamics with near-infrared spectroscopy on the forehead and systemic hemodynamics (heart rate and amplitude of the photoplethysmograph) with a finger pulse oximeter during 23 nights in 11 subjects. Electrical CAP activity was recorded with a polysomnogram. CAP was related to changes in scalp, cortical, and systemic hemodynamic signals that resembled the ones seen in arousal. Due to their repetitive nature, CAP sequences manifested as low- and very-low-frequency oscillations in the hemodynamic signals. The subtype A3+B showed the strongest hemodynamic changes. A transient hypoxia occurred during CAP cycles, suggesting that an increased CAP rate, especially with the subtype A3+B, which may result from diseases or fragmented sleep, might have an adverse effect on the cerebral vasculature.

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