Analysis of Cadmium, Nickel, and Lead in Commercial Moist and Dry Snuff Used in Pakistan

Overview

Journal Environ Monit Assess

Publisher Springer

Specialty Environmental Health

Date 2012 Oct 16

PMID 23064896

Citations 5

Authors

Tasneem Gul Kazi

Sadaf Sadia Arain

Hassan Imran Afridi

Naeemullah

Kapil Dev Brahman

Nida Fatima Kolachi

Moina Akhtar Mughal

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

The extent to which smokeless tobacco endangers human health is an ongoing subject of debate. In this study, concentrations of toxic metals, cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and nickel (Ni), were measured in different snuff products (dry brown and black and moist green and brown), available and consumed in Pakistan. Concentrations of Cd, Pb, and Ni were determined in 23 samples of various brands of snuff by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry, after microwave-assisted acid digestion. The reliability of methodology was assured by analyzing certified reference material. The resulted data of toxic metals in different snuff products are comparable to the existing information with limited exceptions. It was estimated that 10 g intake of different types of snuff could contribute 14-68, 17-47, and 20-73 % of the provisional maximum tolerable daily intake for Cd, Ni, and Pb, respectively.

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Preconcentration and determination of lead and cadmium levels in blood samples of adolescent workers consuming smokeless tobacco products in Pakistan.

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Determination of nickel in blood and serum samples of oropharyngeal cancer patients consumed smokeless tobacco products by cloud point extraction coupled with flame atomic absorption spectrometry.

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