Alternative Methods for Characterization of Extracellular Vesicles

Overview

Journal Front Physiol

Date 2012 Sep 14

PMID 22973237

Citations 63

Authors

Fatemeh Momen-Heravi

Leonora Balaj

Sara Alian

John Tigges

Vasilis Toxavidis

Maria Ericsson

Robert J Distel

Alexander R Ivanov

Johan Skog

Winston Patrick Kuo

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Extracellular vesicles (ECVs) are nano-sized vesicles released by all cells in vitro as well as in vivo. Their role has been implicated mainly in cell-cell communication, but also in disease biomarkers and more recently in gene delivery. They represent a snapshot of the cell status at the moment of release and carry bioreactive macromolecules such as nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids. A major limitation in this emerging new field is the availability/awareness of techniques to isolate and properly characterize ECVs. The lack of gold standards makes comparing different studies very difficult and may potentially hinder some ECVs-specific evidence. Characterization of ECVs has also recently seen many advances with the use of Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis, flow cytometry, cryo-electron microscopy instruments, and proteomic technologies. In this review, we discuss the latest developments in translational technologies involving characterization methods including the facts in their support and the challenges they face.

Citing Articles

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