The Effect of Preparatory Education Program on Discomfort and Retching of Examinees During Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy

Overview

Journal Korean J Fam Med

Specialty Public Health

Date 2012 Aug 24

PMID 22916324

Citations 2

Authors

Ju-Yeon Lee

Min-Whon Anhn

Eun-Tae Kim

Dae-Hyun Kim

Hyuk-Jung Kweon

Dong-Yung Cho

Hyung Moon Yoon

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background: Although upper gastrointestinal (UGI) endoscopy is highly sensitive for the detection of esophago-gastroduodenal lesions, pain and discomfort during the procedure cause examinees to experience stress and anxiety. Moreover, there have been only a few studies on relief of pain and discomfort during UGI endoscopy through preparatory interventions. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between a preparatory education program and the discomfort and retching experienced by examinees during endoscopy.

Methods: A total of 306 examinees who visited a health promotion center and underwent non-sedated endoscopy from May 13 to July 3, 2009 were included in this study. After they were assigned to experimental (n = 154) and control groups (n = 152), their discomfort and retching were measured with a visual analogue scale. The preparatory education program consisted of cognitive intervention, behavioral intervention and information.

Results: The preparatory education program relieved discomfort during endoscopy in male subjects, in subjects aged 60 and over, or in subjects with previous endoscopic experience with statistical significance (P < 0.05). It also relieved retching during endoscopy in subjects aged 60 and over with statistical significance (P = 0.023). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the preparatory education program significantly relieved the discomfort of examinees during endoscopy (P = 0.028).

Conclusion: We found that the preparatory education program used in this study could significantly relieve the discomfort caused by endoscopy, particularly in subjects aged 60 and over, or in male subjects with a high incidence of stomach cancer in Korea.

Citing Articles

Does anxiety or waiting time influence patients' tolerance of upper endoscopy?.

Pontone S, Tonda M, Brighi M, Florio M, Pironi D, Pontone P Saudi J Gastroenterol. 2015; 21(2):111-5.

PMID: 25843198 PMC: 4392571. DOI: 10.4103/1319-3767.153839.

Effective communication enhances the patients' endoscopy experience.

Toomey D, Hackett-Brennan M, Corrigan G, Singh C, Nessim G, Balfe P Ir J Med Sci. 2015; 185(1):203-14.

PMID: 25690478 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-015-1270-0.

References

Kaplan R, Atkins C, Lenhard L . Coping with a stressful sigmoidoscopy: evaluation of cognitive and relaxation preparations. J Behav Med. 1982; 5(1):67-82. DOI: 10.1007/BF00845257. View

Brandt L . Patients' attitudes and apprehensions about endoscopy: how to calm troubled waters. Am J Gastroenterol. 2001; 96(2):280-4. DOI: 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2001.03508.x. View

Campo R, Brullet E, Montserrat A, Calvet X, Moix J, Rue M . Identification of factors that influence tolerance of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 1999; 11(2):201-4. DOI: 10.1097/00042737-199902000-00023. View

Hackett M, LANE M, McCarthy D . Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy: are preparatory interventions effective?. Gastrointest Endosc. 1998; 48(4):341-7. DOI: 10.1016/s0016-5107(98)70001-x. View

Lembo T, Fitzgerald L, Matin K, Woo K, Mayer E, Naliboff B . Audio and visual stimulation reduces patient discomfort during screening flexible sigmoidoscopy. Am J Gastroenterol. 1998; 93(7):1113-6. DOI: 10.1111/j.1572-0241.1998.00339.x. View

Tan C, Freeman J . Throat spray for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy is quite acceptable to patients. Endoscopy. 1996; 28(3):277-82. DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-1005453. View

Froehlich F, Schwizer W, Thorens J, Kohler M, Gonvers J, Fried M . Conscious sedation for gastroscopy: patient tolerance and cardiorespiratory parameters. Gastroenterology. 1995; 108(3):697-704. DOI: 10.1016/0016-5085(95)90441-7. View

Campo R, Brullet E, Montserrat A, Calvet X, Rivero E, Brotons C . Topical pharyngeal anesthesia improves tolerance of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy: a randomized double-blind study. Endoscopy. 1995; 27(9):659-64. DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-1005783. View

Luck A, Pearson S, Maddern G, Hewett P . Effects of video information on precolonoscopy anxiety and knowledge: a randomised trial. Lancet. 2000; 354(9195):2032-5. DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(98)10495-6. View

10.

Hoare A, HAWKINS C . Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy with and without sedation: patients' opinions. Br Med J. 1976; 2(6026):20. PMC: 1687717. DOI: 10.1136/bmj.2.6026.20. View

11.

Callaghan P, Chan H . The effect of videotaped or written information on Chinese gastroscopy patients' clinical outcomes. Patient Educ Couns. 2001; 42(3):225-30. DOI: 10.1016/s0738-3991(00)00125-7. View

12.

Farhadi A, Fields J, Hoseini S . The assessment of esophagogastroduodenoscopy tolerance a prospective study of 300 cases. Diagn Ther Endosc. 2008; 7(3-4):141-7. PMC: 2362842. DOI: 10.1155/DTE.7.141. View

13.

Maguire D, Walsh J, Little C . The effect of information and behavioural training on endoscopy patients' clinical outcomes. Patient Educ Couns. 2004; 54(1):61-5. DOI: 10.1016/S0738-3991(03)00195-2. View

14.

Abuksis G, Mor M, Segal N, Shemesh I, Morad I, PLAUT S . A patient education program is cost-effective for preventing failure of endoscopic procedures in a gastroenterology department. Am J Gastroenterol. 2001; 96(6):1786-90. DOI: 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2001.03872.x. View

15.

van Vliet M, Grypdonck M, van Zuuren F, Winnubst J, Kruitwagen C . Preparing patients for gastrointestinal endoscopy: the influence of information in medical situations. Patient Educ Couns. 2004; 52(1):23-30. DOI: 10.1016/s0738-3991(02)00245-8. View

16.

Gattuso S, Litt M, Fitzgerald T . Coping with gastrointestinal endoscopy: self-efficacy enhancement and coping style. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1992; 60(1):133-9. DOI: 10.1037//0022-006x.60.1.133. View