Theoretical Models of Parental HIV Disclosure: a Critical Review

Overview

Journal AIDS Care

Publisher Informa Healthcare

Specialty Infectious Diseases

Date 2012 Aug 8

PMID 22866903

Citations 21

Authors

Shan Qiao

Xiaoming Li

Bonita Stanton

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

This study critically examined three major theoretical models related to parental HIV disclosure (i.e., the Four-Phase Model [FPM], the Disclosure Decision Making Model [DDMM], and the Disclosure Process Model [DPM]), and the existing studies that could provide empirical support to these models or their components. For each model, we briefly reviewed its theoretical background, described its components and/or mechanisms, and discussed its strengths and limitations. The existing empirical studies supported most theoretical components in these models. However, hypotheses related to the mechanisms proposed in the models have not yet tested due to a lack of empirical evidence. This study also synthesized alternative theoretical perspectives and new issues in disclosure research and clinical practice that may challenge the existing models. The current study underscores the importance of including components related to social and cultural contexts in theoretical frameworks, and calls for more adequately designed empirical studies in order to test and refine existing theories and to develop new ones.

Citing Articles

Psychosocial Factors Predicting HIV Disclosure Stage Transitions: An Evaluation of A Theory-Based Parental HIV Disclosure Intervention among Parents Living with HIV in China.

Zhang R, Da W, Zhou Y, Shen Z, Qiao S, Li X AIDS Behav. 2023; 28(1):105-114.

PMID: 37812270 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-023-04199-6.

Children's Positive and Negative Emotional Responses to an HIV Disclosure Study in South Africa.

Ramsammy C, Galvin L, Joyce C, Leshabane G, Buckley J, Otwombe K Front Pediatr. 2022; 10:857336.

PMID: 35712628 PMC: 9192950. DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.857336.

A Mixed-Methods Longitudinal Investigation of Mothers' Disclosure of HIV to Their Children.

Goodrum N, Masyn K, Armistead L, Avina I, Schulte M, Marelich W Child Dev. 2021; 92(4):1403-1420.

PMID: 33410522 PMC: 8384049. DOI: 10.1111/cdev.13493.

Concerns of Parental HIV Disclosure in China.

Sun M, Chen W, Yang J, Huang S, Zhang L, Shi M Clin Nurs Res. 2020; 30(6):830-839.

PMID: 32567340 PMC: 7750295. DOI: 10.1177/1054773820932725.

iCOPE, a multi-level, cluster randomized, 36-month, parallel-group study to assess the efficacy of HIV disclosure intervention in HIV parental disclosure among parents living with HIV in China.

Li X, Qiao S, Zhou Y SAGE Open Med. 2020; 8:2050312120907821.

PMID: 32128208 PMC: 7031783. DOI: 10.1177/2050312120907821.

References

Chaudoir S, Fisher J . The disclosure processes model: understanding disclosure decision making and postdisclosure outcomes among people living with a concealable stigmatized identity. Psychol Bull. 2010; 136(2):236-56. PMC: 2922991. DOI: 10.1037/a0018193. View

Armistead L, Tannenbaum L, Forehand R, Morse E, Morse P . Disclosing HIV status: are mothers telling their children?. J Pediatr Psychol. 2001; 26(1):11-20. DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/26.1.11. View

Enger C, Graham N, Peng Y, Chmiel J, Kingsley L, Detels R . Survival from early, intermediate, and late stages of HIV infection. JAMA. 1996; 275(17):1329-34. View

Mobeireek A, Al-Kassimi F, Al-Zahrani K, Al-Shimemeri A, Al-Damegh S, Al-Amoudi O . Information disclosure and decision-making: the Middle East versus the Far East and the West. J Med Ethics. 2008; 34(4):225-9. DOI: 10.1136/jme.2006.019638. View

Murphy D . HIV-positive mothers' disclosure of their serostatus to their young children: a review. Clin Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2008; 13(1):105-22. PMC: 2384146. DOI: 10.1177/1359104507087464. View

Thorne C, Newell M, Peckham C . Disclosure of diagnosis and planning for the future in HIV-affected families in Europe. Child Care Health Dev. 2000; 26(1):29-40. DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2214.2000.00128.x. View

Rotheram-Borus M, Draimin B, Reid H, Murphy D . The impact of illness disclosure and custody plans on adolescents whose parents live with AIDS. AIDS. 1997; 11(9):1159-64. DOI: 10.1097/00002030-199709000-00012. View

Woodring L, Cancelli A, Ponterotto J, Keitel M . A qualitative investigation of adolescents' experiences with parental HIV/AIDS. Am J Orthopsychiatry. 2005; 75(4):658-75. DOI: 10.1037/0002-9432.75.4.658. View

Wiener L, Battles H, Heilman N . Factors associated with parents' decision to disclose their HIV diagnosis to their children. Child Welfare. 1998; 77(2):115-35. View

10.

Murphy D, Marelich W, Amaro H . Maternal HIV/AIDS and adolescent depression: A covariance structure analysis of the "Parents and Adolescents Coping Together" (PACT) model. Vulnerable Child Youth Stud. 2010; 4(1):67-82. PMC: 2832295. DOI: 10.1080/17450120802385729. View

11.

Cohn D, Miller L, Yamaguchi K, Douglas J . Denver's increase in HIV counseling after Magic Johnson's HIV disclosure. Am J Public Health. 1992; 82(12):1692. PMC: 1694559. DOI: 10.2105/ajph.82.12.1692. View

12.

Pilowsky D, Sohler N, Susser E . Reasons given for disclosure of maternal HIV status to children. J Urban Health. 2001; 77(4):723-34. PMC: 3456764. DOI: 10.1007/BF02344033. View

13.

Wouters E, Meulemans H, van Rensburg H . Slow to share: social capital and its role in public HIV disclosure among public sector ART patients in the Free State province of South Africa. AIDS Care. 2009; 21(4):411-21. DOI: 10.1080/09540120802242077. View

14.

Qiao S, Li X, Stanton B . Disclosure of parental HIV infection to children: a systematic review of global literature. AIDS Behav. 2011; 17(1):369-89. PMC: 6234003. DOI: 10.1007/s10461-011-0069-x. View

15.

Xu T, Wu Z, Rou K, Duan S, Wang H . Quality of life of children living in HIV/AIDS-affected families in rural areas in Yunnan, China. AIDS Care. 2010; 22(3):390-6. PMC: 3097382. DOI: 10.1080/09540120903196883. View

16.

Nostlinger C, Jonckheer T, de Belder E, Van Wijngaerden E, Wylock C, Pelgrom J . Families affected by HIV: parents' and children's characteristics and disclosure to the children. AIDS Care. 2004; 16(5):641-8. DOI: 10.1080/09540120410001716432. View

17.

Vallerand A, Hough E, Pittiglio L, Marvicsin D . The process of disclosing HIV serostatus between HIV-positive mothers and their HIV-negative children. AIDS Patient Care STDS. 2005; 19(2):100-9. DOI: 10.1089/apc.2005.19.100. View

18.

Kennedy D, Cowgill B, Bogart L, Corona R, Ryan G, Murphy D . Parents' disclosure of their HIV infection to their children in the context of the family. AIDS Behav. 2010; 14(5):1095-105. PMC: 2936671. DOI: 10.1007/s10461-010-9715-y. View

19.

Seidel G . Confidentiality and HIV status in Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa: implications, resistances and challenges. Health Policy Plan. 1996; 11(4):418-27. DOI: 10.1093/heapol/11.4.418. View

20.

Lee M, Rotheram-Borus M . Parents' disclosure of HIV to their children. AIDS. 2002; 16(16):2201-7. DOI: 10.1097/00002030-200211080-00013. View