On the Perils of Poor Editing: Regulation of Peptide Loading by HLA-DQ and H2-A Molecules Associated with Celiac Disease and Type 1 Diabetes

Overview

Journal Expert Rev Mol Med

Specialty General Medicine

Date 2012 Jul 19

PMID 22805744

Citations 29

Authors

Robert Busch

Alessandra De Riva

Andreas V Hadjinicolaou

Wei Jiang

Tieying Hou

Elizabeth D Mellins

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

This review discusses mechanisms that link allelic variants of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules (MHCII) to immune pathology. We focus on HLA (human leukocyte antigen)-DQ (DQ) alleles associated with celiac disease (CD) and type 1 diabetes (T1D) and the role of the murine DQ-like allele, H2-Ag7 (I-Ag7 or Ag7), in murine T1D. MHCII molecules bind peptides, and alleles vary in their peptide-binding specificity. Disease-associated alleles permit binding of disease-inducing peptides, such as gluten-derived, Glu-/Pro-rich gliadin peptides in CD and peptides from islet autoantigens, including insulin, in T1D. In addition, the CD-associated DQ2.5 and DQ8 alleles are unusual in their interactions with factors that regulate their peptide loading, invariant chain (Ii) and HLA-DM (DM). The same alleles, as well as other T1D DQ risk alleles (and Ag7), share nonpolar residues in place of Asp at β57 and prefer peptides that place acidic side chains in a pocket in the MHCII groove (P9). Antigen-presenting cells from T1D-susceptible mice and humans retain CLIP because of poor DM editing, although underlying mechanisms differ between species. We propose that these effects on peptide presentation make key contributions to CD and T1D pathogenesis.

Citing Articles

The MHC Class II Antigen-Processing and Presentation Pathway Is Dysregulated in Type 1 Diabetes.

Gilles A, Hu L, Virdis F, SantAngelo D, Dimitrova N, Hedrick J J Immunol. 2023; 211(11):1630-1642.

PMID: 37811896 PMC: 10872857. DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300213.

MHC-II dynamics are maintained in HLA-DR allotypes to ensure catalyzed peptide exchange.

Abualrous E, Stolzenberg S, Sticht J, Wieczorek M, Roske Y, Gunther M Nat Chem Biol. 2023; 19(10):1196-1204.

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HLA-DQ heterodimers in hematopoietic cell transplantation.

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Non-Genetically Encoded Epitopes Are Relevant Targets in Autoimmune Diabetes.

Nguyen H, Guyer P, Ettinger R, James E Biomedicines. 2021; 9(2).

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Endogenous HLA-DQ8αβ programs superantigens (SEG/SEI) to silence toxicity and unleash a tumoricidal network with long-term melanoma survival.

Knopick P, Terman D, Riha N, Alvine T, Larson R, Badiou C J Immunother Cancer. 2020; 8(2).

PMID: 33109631 PMC: 7592263. DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-001493.

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