Age-specific Seroprevalence of Anti-hepatitis a Antibody Among 1-30 Years Old Population of Savadkuh, Mazandaran, Iran with Literature Review

Overview

Journal Hepat Mon

Publisher Brieflands

Specialty Gastroenterology

Date 2012 Jul 12

PMID 22783344

Citations 9

Authors

Mohammed Jafar Saffar

Omid Abedian

Abolghasem Ajami

Farshideh Abedian

Araz Mohammad Mirabi

Ali-Reza Khalilian

Hana Saffar

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background: To determine age-speciﬁc seroprevalence rates of hepatitis A virus (HAV) immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody in Savadkuh district, Mazandaran province, north of Iran, as well as to compare the collected data with earlier seroprevalence studies in the region and Iran in order to draw a proper epidemiological pattern for HAV infection in the country.

Objectives: This study aimed to assess an age-speciﬁc HAV seroprevalence among 1- to 30-yearold people in Savadkuh, a less developed district of Mazandaran province, north of Iran.

Patients And Methods: The study participants were 984 subjects who aged from one to 30 years and were residents of rural and urban areas of Savadkuh. They were selected using cluster sampling method and divided into ﬁve age groups: 1-2.9 (316 cases), 3-6.9 (254 cases), 7-10.9 (201 cases), 11-17.9 (115 cases), and 18-30 (98 cases). Anti-HAV antibody was measured by ELISA method. Seroprevalence rates among different age groups and their relationship to residency, educational levels of parents, water supply, and waste water disposal system was analyzed using chi-squared test.

Results: Overall seroprevalence rate was 19.20 % with no signiﬁcant difference between rural and urban residents. The seroprevalence rates increased signiﬁcantly with age: from 5.7 % in age group 1-2.9 year to 34.8 % in adolescents, and to 68.4 % among young adults (P < 0.0001); regardless of signiﬁcant differences in educational levels among parents of residents in two areas it did not affect seroprevalence rates. Findings of this study and reviewing other reports from the region and the country suggest an epidemiological shift towards lower rates of anti-HAV antibody seroprevalence.

Conclusions: It appears that anti-HAV antibody seroprevalence rate has been declining among Iranians and thereby more children would be susceptible to this infection. This would necessitate revising current strategies of preventative measures in Mazandaran and Iran.

Citing Articles

Hepatitis A in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: a comprehensive review.

Badur S, Ozturk S, AbdelGhany M, Khalaf M, Lagoubi Y, Ozudogru O Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2022; 18(5):2073146.

PMID: 35617508 PMC: 9621081. DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2022.2073146.

Evidence of Circulation of Several HAV Genetic Variants and Emergence of Potential Antigenic Variants in an Endemo-Epidemic Country before Vaccine Introduction.

Ayouni K, Chouikha A, Khamessi O, Touzi H, Hammemi W, Triki H Viruses. 2021; 13(6).

PMID: 34204862 PMC: 8227776. DOI: 10.3390/v13061056.

Hepatitis a virus infection in Central-West Tunisia: an age structured model of transmission and vaccination impact.

Ayouni K, Naffeti B, Aribi W, Bettaieb J, Hammami W, Salah A BMC Infect Dis. 2020; 20(1):627.

PMID: 32842988 PMC: 7477833. DOI: 10.1186/s12879-020-05318-7.

Comparison of the Prevalence and Risk Factors of Hepatitis A in 10 to 18-Year-Old Adolescents of Sixteen Iranian Provinces: The CASPIAN-III Study.

Mostafavi N, Kelishadi R, Kazemi E, Ataei B, Yaran M, Motlagh M Hepat Mon. 2016; 16(9):e36437.

PMID: 27822259 PMC: 5091029. DOI: 10.5812/hepatmon.36437.

Seroprevalence of hepatitis A virus among Iranian soldiers.

Izadi M, Aliakbar Esfahani A, Hassannia H, Jafari N, Rahmati Najarkolaei F, Rezaee-Zavareh M Gastroenterol Hepatol Bed Bench. 2016; 9(2):100-4.

PMID: 27099669 PMC: 4833848.

References

Ataei B, Javadi A, Nokhodian Z, Kassaeian N, Shoaei P, Farajzadegan Z . HAV in Isfahan province: a population-based study. Trop Gastroenterol. 2009; 29(3):160-2. View

Ramezani H, Bozorgi S, Nooranipour M, Mostajeri A, Kargar-Fard H, Molaverdikhani S . Prevalence and risk factors of hepatitis A among blood donors in Qazvin, central Iran. Singapore Med J. 2011; 52(2):107-12. View

Sacy R, Haddad M, Baasiri G, Khoriati A, Gerbaka B, Abu-Elyazeed R . Hepatitis a in Lebanon: a changing epidemiological pattern. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2005; 73(2):453-6. View

Victor J, Surdina T, Suleimeova S, Favorov M, Bell B, Monto A . The increasing prominence of household transmission of hepatitis A in an area undergoing a shift in endemicity. Epidemiol Infect. 2005; 134(3):492-7. PMC: 2870411. DOI: 10.1017/S0950268805005194. View

Roushan M, Bijani A, Sagheb R, Jazayeri O . Prevalence of hepatitis A IgG in individuals with chronic hepatitis B infection in Babol. East Mediterr Health J. 2008; 13(5):1108-13. DOI: 10.26719/2007.13.5.1108. View

Sofian M, Aghakhani A, Farazi A, Banifazl M, Etemadi G, Azad-Armaki S . Seroepidemiology of hepatitis A virus in children of different age groups in Tehran, Iran: implications for health policy. Travel Med Infect Dis. 2010; 8(3):176-9. DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2010.02.004. View

Kim Y, Lee H . Increasing incidence of hepatitis A in Korean adults. Intervirology. 2010; 53(1):10-4. DOI: 10.1159/000252778. View

Taghavi S, Hosseini Asl M, Talebzadeh M, Eshraghian A . Seroprevalence study of hepatitis A virus in Fars province, southern Iran. Hepat Mon. 2012; 11(4):285-8. PMC: 3206696. View

Tufenkeji H . Hepatitis A shifting epidemiology in the Middle East and Africa. Vaccine. 2000; 18 Suppl 1:S65-7. DOI: 10.1016/s0264-410x(99)00468-5. View

10.

Battikhi M, Battikhi E . The seroepidemiology of Hepatitis A virus in Amman, Jordan. New Microbiol. 2004; 27(3):215-20. View

11.

Merat S, Rezvan H, Nouraie M, Abolghasemi H, Jamali R, Amini-Kafiabad S . Seroprevalence and risk factors of hepatitis A virus infection in Iran: a population based study. Arch Iran Med. 2010; 13(2):99-104. View

12.

Rosenthal P . Cost-effectiveness of hepatitis A vaccination in children, adolescents, and adults. Hepatology. 2002; 37(1):44-51. DOI: 10.1053/jhep.2003.50016. View

13.

Movahedi M, Haghdoost A, Pournik O, Hajarizadeh B, Fallah M . Temporal variations of health indicators in Iran comparing with other Eastern Mediterranean Region countries in the last two decades. J Public Health (Oxf). 2008; 30(4):499-504. DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdn071. View

14.

Wasley A, Samandari T, Bell B . Incidence of hepatitis A in the United States in the era of vaccination. JAMA. 2005; 294(2):194-201. DOI: 10.1001/jama.294.2.194. View

15.

Farzadegan H, Shamszad M . Epidemiology of viral hepatitis among Iranian population--a viral marker study. Ann Acad Med Singap. 1980; 9(2):144-8. View

16.

Jacobsen K, Koopman J . Declining hepatitis A seroprevalence: a global review and analysis. Epidemiol Infect. 2005; 132(6):1005-22. PMC: 2870191. DOI: 10.1017/s0950268804002857. View

17.

Jacobsen K, Koopman J . The effects of socioeconomic development on worldwide hepatitis A virus seroprevalence patterns. Int J Epidemiol. 2005; 34(3):600-9. DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyi062. View

18.

Victor J, Monto A, Surdina T, Suleimenova S, Vaughan G, Nainan O . Hepatitis A vaccine versus immune globulin for postexposure prophylaxis. N Engl J Med. 2007; 357(17):1685-94. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa070546. View

19.

Sidal M, Unuvar E, Oguz F, Cihan C, Onel D, Badur S . Age-specific seroepidemiology of hepatitis A, B, and E infections among children in Istanbul, Turkey. Eur J Epidemiol. 2001; 17(2):141-4. DOI: 10.1023/a:1017524630372. View

20.

Chatproedprai S, Chongsrisawat V, Chatchatee P, Theamboonlers A, Yoocharoen P, Warinsathien P . Declining trend in the seroprevalence of infection with hepatitis A virus in Thailand. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 2007; 101(1):61-8. DOI: 10.1179/136485907X157040. View