Relationship Between Retinopathy Severity, Visual Impairment and Depression in Persons with Long-term Type 1 Diabetes

Overview

Journal Ophthalmic Epidemiol

Publisher Informa Healthcare

Specialties Ophthalmology
Public Health

Date 2012 Jul 11

PMID 22775274

Citations 10

Authors

Flavio E Hirai

James M Tielsch

Barbara E K Klein

Ronald Klein

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Purpose: Our aim was to investigate the proportion of individuals with depression and its association with diabetic retinopathy and visual impairment in a cohort with 25 or more years of type 1 diabetes.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional analysis at the 25-year follow-up of the population-based cohort of the Wisconsin Epidemiologic Study of Diabetic Retinopathy. Examinations followed standardized protocols and included clinical and ophthalmic evaluations and questionnaires to assess current and past medical history, use of medications, and cigarette smoking. The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) was administered to all participants. Depression was defined as use of antidepressant or CES-D score ≥16.

Results: A total of 484 individuals were included in the analysis. The proportion of depression was 37.8% (95% confidence interval 33.4-42.3%). A higher proportion of individuals with depression was observed among those with more severe diabetic retinopathy and visual impairment. However these associations were not statistically significant while controlling for other factors in the multivariable analyses.

Conclusions: Diabetic retinopathy severity and visual acuity in persons with long duration of type 1 diabetes were not cross-sectionally associated with depression in this cohort.

Citing Articles

Bidirectional association between depression and diabetic nephropathy by meta-analysis.

Fang T, Zhang Q, Wang Z, Liu J PLoS One. 2022; 17(12):e0278489.

PMID: 36538528 PMC: 9767359. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278489.

Association of Visual Health With Depressive Symptoms and Brain Imaging Phenotypes Among Middle-Aged and Older Adults.

Zhang X, Shang X, Seth I, Huang Y, Wang Y, Liang Y JAMA Netw Open. 2022; 5(10):e2235017.

PMID: 36201210 PMC: 9539722. DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.35017.

The Association between Vision Impairment and Depression: A Systematic Review of Population-Based Studies.

Virgili G, Parravano M, Petri D, Maurutto E, Menchini F, Lanzetta P J Clin Med. 2022; 11(9).

PMID: 35566537 PMC: 9103717. DOI: 10.3390/jcm11092412.

The Association of the Prevalence of Depression in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with Visual-Related Quality of Life and Social Support.

Ding X, Rong S, Wang Y, Li D, Wen L, Zou B Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. 2022; 15:535-544.

PMID: 35237054 PMC: 8882658. DOI: 10.2147/DMSO.S343926.

Anxiety and depression in patients who receive anti-VEGF treatment and the usability and feasibility of e-mental health support: the E-PsEYE pilot study.

van der Aa H, van Rens G, Verbraak F, Bosscha M, Comijs H, van Nispen R Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 2021; 41(4):808-819.

PMID: 34050550 PMC: 8252528. DOI: 10.1111/opo.12837.

References

PARIKH R, Eden D, Price T, Robinson R . The sensitivity and specificity of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale in screening for post-stroke depression. Int J Psychiatry Med. 1988; 18(2):169-81. DOI: 10.2190/bh75-euya-4fm1-j7qa. View

Solberg L, Desai J, OConnor P, Bishop D, Devlin H . Diabetic patients who smoke: are they different?. Ann Fam Med. 2004; 2(1):26-32. PMC: 1466617. DOI: 10.1370/afm.36. View

Klein R, Klein B, Moss S, DeMets D, Kaufman I, Voss P . Prevalence of diabetes mellitus in southern Wisconsin. Am J Epidemiol. 1984; 119(1):54-61. DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113725. View

Haire-Joshu D, Glasgow R, Tibbs T . Smoking and diabetes. Diabetes Care. 1999; 22(11):1887-98. DOI: 10.2337/diacare.22.11.1887. View

Rajala U, Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi S, Kivela S . Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and depression in a middle-aged Finnish population. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 1997; 32(6):363-7. DOI: 10.1007/BF00805442. View

Yoshida S, Hirai M, Suzuki S, Awata S, Oka Y . Neuropathy is associated with depression independently of health-related quality of life in Japanese patients with diabetes. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2008; 63(1):65-72. DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1819.2008.01889.x. View

Cheng S, Chan A . The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale in older Chinese: thresholds for long and short forms. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2005; 20(5):465-70. DOI: 10.1002/gps.1314. View

Penninx B, van Tilburg T, Boeke A, Deeg D, Kriegsman D, van Eijk J . Effects of social support and personal coping resources on depressive symptoms: different for various chronic diseases?. Health Psychol. 1998; 17(6):551-8. DOI: 10.1037//0278-6133.17.6.551. View

Thomas J, Jones G, Scarinci I, MEHAN D, Brantley P . The utility of the CES-D as a depression screening measure among low-income women attending primary care clinics. The Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression. Int J Psychiatry Med. 2001; 31(1):25-40. DOI: 10.2190/FUFR-PK9F-6U10-JXRK. View

10.

. Grading diabetic retinopathy from stereoscopic color fundus photographs--an extension of the modified Airlie House classification. ETDRS report number 10. Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study Research Group. Ophthalmology. 1991; 98(5 Suppl):786-806. View

11.

Lustman P, Griffith L, Freedland K, Clouse R . The course of major depression in diabetes. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 1997; 19(2):138-43. DOI: 10.1016/s0163-8343(96)00170-3. View

12.

Maurer J, Rebbapragada V, Borson S, Goldstein R, Kunik M, Yohannes A . Anxiety and depression in COPD: current understanding, unanswered questions, and research needs. Chest. 2008; 134(4 Suppl):43S-56S. PMC: 2849676. DOI: 10.1378/chest.08-0342. View

13.

Lustman P, Anderson R, Freedland K, de Groot M, Carney R, Clouse R . Depression and poor glycemic control: a meta-analytic review of the literature. Diabetes Care. 2000; 23(7):934-42. DOI: 10.2337/diacare.23.7.934. View

14.

Jacobson A, Rand L, Hauser S . Psychologic stress and glycemic control: a comparison of patients with and without proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Psychosom Med. 1985; 47(4):372-81. DOI: 10.1097/00006842-198507000-00007. View

15.

Roberts R, Vernon S . The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale: its use in a community sample. Am J Psychiatry. 1983; 140(1):41-6. DOI: 10.1176/ajp.140.1.41. View

16.

Hirai F, Moss S, Klein B, Klein R . Severe hypoglycemia and smoking in a long-term type 1 diabetic population: Wisconsin Epidemiologic Study of Diabetic Retinopathy. Diabetes Care. 2007; 30(6):1437-41. DOI: 10.2337/dc06-2264. View

17.

Friis R, Nanjundappa G . Diabetes, depression and employment status. Soc Sci Med. 1986; 23(5):471-5. DOI: 10.1016/0277-9536(86)90006-7. View

18.

Klein R, Klein B, Moss S, Davis M, DeMets D . The Wisconsin epidemiologic study of diabetic retinopathy. II. Prevalence and risk of diabetic retinopathy when age at diagnosis is less than 30 years. Arch Ophthalmol. 1984; 102(4):520-6. DOI: 10.1001/archopht.1984.01040030398010. View

19.

Boyle R, OConnor P, Pronk N, Tan A . Health behaviors of smokers, ex-smokers, and never smokers in an HMO. Prev Med. 2000; 31(2 Pt 1):177-82. DOI: 10.1006/pmed.2000.0699. View

20.

Klein R, Klein B, Moss S, Davis M, DeMets D . The Wisconsin epidemiologic study of diabetic retinopathy. III. Prevalence and risk of diabetic retinopathy when age at diagnosis is 30 or more years. Arch Ophthalmol. 1984; 102(4):527-32. DOI: 10.1001/archopht.1984.01040030405011. View