Cervical Spine Trauma in Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis: Injury Characteristics and Outcome with Surgical Treatment

Study Design: Retrospective study of a consecutive series of operatively managed patients with cervical fractures with diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) presenting to 3 institutions over an 8 year period.

Objective: Assess demographics, fracture characteristics, outcome and complications in patients managed surgically.

Summary Of Background Data: Cervical spine injuries related to DISH represent a difficult subgroup of trauma patients to treat. This subset is fraught with potential complications related to the injury of the ankylosed spine, high rate of co-morbidities, and older demographics. The data in the literature on treatment, outcomes and complications is largely comprised of case reports and small case series.

Methods: All patients with cervical fractures in the setting of DISH between January 2001 and December 2008 were reviewed retrospectively. Charts and radiographs were reviewed assessing demographics, injury characteristics and short-term outcomes. Statistical analysis was performed analyzing the impact of distinct parameters on the incidence of medical and surgical complications.

Results: Thirty-three patients with age 73.8 ± 11 years were identified. DISH-affected segments numbered 5.5 ± 2.1. Injury severity as assessed by the Subaxial-Injury-Classification scoring-system (SLIC) averaged 7.2 ± 1.4 points. 7 patients (20.6%) were ASIA-A on admission, 4 (11.8%) ASIA-B, 4 (11.8%) ASIA-C, 10 (29.4%) ASIA-D, and 7 (20.6%) ASIA-E. All but 2 patients (6%) had medical co-morbidities. Inpatient stay was 26.6 ± 23.4 days. 16 patients (47%) had anterior, 12 patients (35.3%) had posterior, and 5 patients (14.7%) had combined anterior-posterior instrumented fusion. 25 patients (73.5%) had medical/surgical complications. 20 patients (58.8%) suffered serious pulmonary complications not related to the neurologic injury (p < 0.05). Nine patients (26.5%) had died. Seven patients (20.6%) showed improved ASIA-scores, 18 patients (52.9%) had no improvement and 2 patients (5.9%) deteriorated.

Conclusion: The current findings pinpoint the potential for medical and surgical complications in this high risk subgroup. Surgeons should be aware of the unique aspects associated with treatment of these injuries.