Diagnosis, Evaluation, and Treatment of Lead Poisoning in General Population

Overview

Journal Indian J Clin Biochem

Specialty Biochemistry

Date 2012 Apr 3

PMID 22468050

Citations 11

Authors

Herman Sunil Dsouza

Sebestina Anita Dsouza

Geraldine Menezes

Thuppil Venkatesh

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Among the heavy metals, lead still remains the major toxic pollutant of the environment. Human exposure to lead can occur through numerous pathways including air, food, dust, soil, and water. In the present study 14 lead poisoned patients with non-occupational lead exposure were evaluated. They were followed up and compared against the controls with no history of lead exposure. The patients had high blood lead levels and symptoms of weakness, dizziness, abdominal pain, generalized body ache, loss of appetite, and anxiety. Repeated course of chelation therapy helped to bring down their body burden of lead. Alternative sources for lead exposure can cause severe lead poisoning in general population. Screening and medical management of such individuals is very important to identify and eliminate sources of lead. The treatment and management requires a thorough medical evaluation and environmental intervention.

Citing Articles

Probing enzyme-dependent pseudouridylation using direct RNA sequencing to assess neuronal epitranscriptome plasticity.

Fanari O, Tavakoli S, Qiu Y, Makhamreh A, Nian K, Akeson S bioRxiv. 2024; .

PMID: 38585714 PMC: 10996719. DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.26.586895.

Assessment of Potentially Toxic Metals in Fish from Lake Manyara, Northern Tanzania.

Sawe S, Amasi A, Wynants M Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. 2023; 111(3):39.

PMID: 37704929 PMC: 10499695. DOI: 10.1007/s00128-023-03794-6.

Relationships Between Hair Chemical Elements and Nutritional Status in Oldest-Old and Centenarian Populations.

Zhu Q, Zhao Q, Ping P, Zhang Q, Gong L, Feng L J Multidiscip Healthc. 2023; 16:1171-1178.

PMID: 37143478 PMC: 10153404. DOI: 10.2147/JMDH.S401523.

Potential diagnostic biomarkers for lead-induced hepatotoxicity and the role of synthetic chelators and bioactive compounds.

Lakka N, Pai B, Mani M, Dsouza H Toxicol Res (Camb). 2023; 12(2):178-188.

PMID: 37125327 PMC: 10141777. DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfad014.

Protective Effect of Chlorogenic Acid and Its Analogues on Lead-Induced Developmental Neurotoxicity Through Modulating Oxidative Stress and Autophagy.

Ji X, Wang B, Paudel Y, Li Z, Zhang S, Mou L Front Mol Biosci. 2021; 8:655549.

PMID: 34179077 PMC: 8226318. DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.655549.

References

Matte T, Proops D, Palazuelos E, Graef J, Avila M . Acute high-dose lead exposure from beverage contaminated by traditional Mexican pottery. Lancet. 1994; 344(8929):1064-5. DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(94)91715-9. View

Ernst E . Heavy metals in traditional Indian remedies. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2002; 57(12):891-6. DOI: 10.1007/s00228-001-0400-y. View

LABBE R, Vreman H, Stevenson D . Zinc protoporphyrin: A metabolite with a mission. Clin Chem. 1999; 45(12):2060-72. View

Lavoie P, Bailey B . Lead poisoning from "lead-free" paint. CMAJ. 2004; 170(6):956. PMC: 359428. DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.1031524. View

Menezes G, Dsouza H, Venkatesh T . Chronic lead poisoning in an adult battery worker. Occup Med (Lond). 2003; 53(7):476-8. DOI: 10.1093/occmed/kqg091. View

Gogte S, Basu N, Sinclair S, GHAI O, Bhide N . Blood lead levels of children with pica and surma use. Indian J Pediatr. 1991; 58(4):513-9. DOI: 10.1007/BF02750933. View

Hu H, Aro A, Payton M, Korrick S, Sparrow D, Weiss S . The relationship of bone and blood lead to hypertension. The Normative Aging Study. JAMA. 1996; 275(15):1171-6. View

Graziano J, Blum C . Lead exposure from lead crystal. Lancet. 1991; 337(8734):141-2. DOI: 10.1016/0140-6736(91)90803-w. View

Saper R, Kales S, Paquin J, Burns M, Eisenberg D, Davis R . Heavy metal content of ayurvedic herbal medicine products. JAMA. 2004; 292(23):2868-73. DOI: 10.1001/jama.292.23.2868. View

10.

Kim Y, Lee H, Lee C, Park D, Yang J, Park I . Evaluation of lead exposure in workers at secondary lead smelters in South Korea: with focus on activity of erythrocyte pyrimidine 5'-nucleotidase (P5N). Sci Total Environ. 2002; 286(1-3):181-9. DOI: 10.1016/s0048-9697(01)00976-7. View

11.

Lamola A, Piomelli S, Yamane T, Harber L . Erythropoietic protoporphyria and lead intoxication: the molecular basis for difference in cutaneous photosensitivity. II. Different binding of erythrocyte protoporphyrin to hemoglobin. J Clin Invest. 1975; 56(6):1528-35. PMC: 333131. DOI: 10.1172/JCI108234. View

12.

Bellinger D . Lead. Pediatrics. 2004; 113(4 Suppl):1016-22. View

13.

de Madureira P, De Capitani E, Vieira R . Lead poisoning after gunshot wound. Sao Paulo Med J. 2000; 118(3):78-80. PMC: 11173242. DOI: 10.1590/s1516-31802000000300006. View

14.

Dey S, Swarup D . Lead concentration in bovine milk in India. Arch Environ Health. 1996; 51(6):478-9. DOI: 10.1080/00039896.1996.9936050. View

15.

Finster M, Gray K, Binns H . Lead levels of edibles grown in contaminated residential soils: a field survey. Sci Total Environ. 2004; 320(2-3):245-57. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2003.08.009. View

16.

Popovac D, Graziano J, Seaman C, Colakovic B, Popovac R, Osmani I . Elevated blood lead in a population near a lead smelter in Kosovo, Yugoslavia. Arch Environ Health. 1982; 37(1):19-23. DOI: 10.1080/00039896.1982.10667527. View

17.

Nomiyama K, Nomiyama H, Liu S, Tao Y, Nomiyama T, Omae K . Lead induced increase of blood pressure in female lead workers. Occup Environ Med. 2002; 59(11):734-8. PMC: 1740230. DOI: 10.1136/oem.59.11.734. View

18.

Su M, Barrueto Jr F, Hoffman R . Childhood lead poisoning from paint chips: a continuing problem. J Urban Health. 2002; 79(4):491-501. PMC: 3456721. DOI: 10.1093/jurban/79.4.491. View

19.

Gulson B, Law A, Korsch M, Mizon K . Effect of plumbing systems on lead content of drinking water and contribution to lead body burden. Sci Total Environ. 1994; 144(1-3):279-84. DOI: 10.1016/0048-9697(94)90447-2. View

20.

Al-Saleh I, Mustafa A, Dufour L, Taylor A, Hiton R . Lead exposure in the city of Arar, Saudi Arabia. Arch Environ Health. 1996; 51(1):73-82. DOI: 10.1080/00039896.1996.9935997. View