Effect of Antibacterial Agents on the Surface Hardness of a Conventional Glass-ionomer Cement

Overview

Journal J Appl Oral Sci

Specialty Dentistry

Date 2012 Mar 23

PMID 22437677

Citations 10

Authors

Tamer Tuzuner

Tezer Ulusu

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Unlabelled: In atraumatic restorative treatment (ART), caries removal with hand excavation instruments is not as efficient as that with rotary burs in eliminating bacteria under the glass ionomer cements (GICs). Thus, different antibacterial agents have been used in recent studies to enhance the antibacterial properties of the GICs, without jeopardizing their basic physical properties.

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of antibacterial agents on the surface hardness of a conventional GIC (Fuji IX) using Vickers microhardness [Vickers hardness number (VHN)] test.

Material And Methods: Cetrimide (CT), cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) and chlorhexidine (CHX) were added to the powder and benzalkonium chloride (BC) was added to the liquid of Fuji IX in concentrations of 1% and 2%, and served as the experimental groups. A control group containing no additive was also prepared. After the completion of setting reaction, VHN measurements were recorded at 1, 7, 15, 30, 60, and 90 days after storage in 37°C distilled water. A one-way ANOVA was performed followed by a Dunnett t test and Tamhane T2 tests and also repeated measurements ANOVA was used for multiple comparisons in 95% confidence interval.

Results: VHN results showed significant differences between the control and the experimental groups at all time periods (p<0.05 for all). Significant differences were observed between all study periods for individual groups (p<0.05). After 7 days, VHNs were decreased in all experimental groups while they continued to increase in the control group. BC and CHX groups demonstrated the least whereas CT and CPC groups exhibited most adverse effect on the hardness of set cements.

Conclusions: Despite the decreased microhardness values in all experimental groups compared to the controls after 7 up to 90 days, incorporating certain antibacterial agents into Fuji IX GIC showed tolerable microhardness alterations within the limitations of this in vitro study.

Citing Articles

Enhancing the antibacterial and surface hardness of glass ionomer cement modified with and Chlorhexidine: An in vitro study.

Siddiqui A, Sultana N, Mirani Z, AlKhureif A, Rehan F, Siddiqui I Pak J Med Sci. 2024; 40(8):1808-1812.

PMID: 39281230 PMC: 11395365. DOI: 10.12669/pjms.40.8.9190.

Organic antibacterial modifications of high-viscosity glass ionomer cement for atraumatic restorative treatment: A review.

Hegde D, Suprabha B, Rao A Jpn Dent Sci Rev. 2024; 60:22-31.

PMID: 38188639 PMC: 10767272. DOI: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2023.12.003.

Mechanical Properties and Antibacterial Effect on Mono-Strain of of Orthodontic Cements Reinforced with Chlorhexidine-Modified Nanotubes.

Salmeron-Valdes E, Cruz-Mondragon A, Toral-Rizo V, Jimenez-Rojas L, Correa-Prado R, Lara-Carrillo E Nanomaterials (Basel). 2022; 12(17).

PMID: 36079929 PMC: 9457761. DOI: 10.3390/nano12172891.

The effect of antimicrobial additives on the properties of dental glass-ionomer cements: a review.

Tuzuner T, Dimkov A, Nicholson J Acta Biomater Odontol Scand. 2019; 5(1):9-21.

PMID: 30652117 PMC: 6327935. DOI: 10.1080/23337931.2018.1539623.

Component Release and Mechanical Properties of Endodontic Sealers following Incorporation of Antimicrobial Agents.

Gjorgievska E, Nicholson J, Coleman N, Booth S, Dimkov A, Hurt A Biomed Res Int. 2017; 2017:2129807.

PMID: 28620615 PMC: 5460388. DOI: 10.1155/2017/2129807.

References

Hoszek A, Ericson D . In vitro fluoride release and the antibacterial effect of glass ionomers containing chlorhexidine gluconate. Oper Dent. 2008; 33(6):696-701. DOI: 10.2341/08-20. View

Sanders B, Gregory R, Moore K, Avery D . Antibacterial and physical properties of resin modified glass-ionomers combined with chlorhexidine. J Oral Rehabil. 2002; 29(6):553-8. DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2842.2002.00876.x. View

Smales R, Yip H . The atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) approach for the management of dental caries. Quintessence Int. 2002; 33(6):427-32. View

Weerheijm K, Kreulen C, de Soet J, Groen H, van Amerongen W . Bacterial counts in carious dentine under restorations: 2-year in vivo effects. Caries Res. 1999; 33(2):130-4. DOI: 10.1159/000016506. View

Takahashi Y, Imazato S, Kaneshiro A, Ebisu S, Frencken J, Tay F . Antibacterial effects and physical properties of glass-ionomer cements containing chlorhexidine for the ART approach. Dent Mater. 2005; 22(7):647-52. DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2005.08.003. View

Vermeersch G, Leloup G, Delmee M, Vreven J . Antibacterial activity of glass-ionomer cements, compomers and resin composites: relationship between acidity and material setting phase. J Oral Rehabil. 2005; 32(5):368-74. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2842.2004.01300.x. View

Coogan M, Creaven P . Antibacterial properties of eight dental cements. Int Endod J. 1993; 26(6):355-61. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.1993.tb00769.x. View

Botelho M . Compressive strength of glass ionomer cements with dental antibacterial agents. SADJ. 2004; 59(2):51-3. View

Dupuis V, Payan J, Moya F, Meyer J . Effect of water on the physical properties of resin-modified glass ionomer cements. Dent Mater. 1999; 15(1):71-8. DOI: 10.1016/s0109-5641(99)00016-0. View

10.

van Amerongen W . Dental caries under glass ionomer restorations. J Public Health Dent. 1996; 56(3 Spec No):150-4; discussion 161-3. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-7325.1996.tb02426.x. View

11.

Pinheiro S, Simionato M, Imparato J, Oda M . Antibacterial activity of glass-ionomer cement containing antibiotics on caries lesion microorganisms. Am J Dent. 2005; 18(4):261-6. View

12.

Silva K, Pedrini D, Delbem A, Cannon M . Microhardness and fluoride release of restorative materials in different storage media. Braz Dent J. 2008; 18(4):309-13. DOI: 10.1590/s0103-64402007000400007. View

13.

Frencken J, Taifour D, van t Hof M . Survival of ART and amalgam restorations in permanent teeth of children after 6.3 years. J Dent Res. 2006; 85(7):622-6. DOI: 10.1177/154405910608500708. View

14.

Botelho M . The microtensile bond strength of Fuji IX glass ionomer cement to antibacterial conditioned dentin. Oper Dent. 2005; 30(3):311-7. View

15.

Tobias R . Antibacterial properties of dental restorative materials: a review. Int Endod J. 1988; 21(2):155-60. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.1988.tb00969.x. View

16.

Ercan E, Dulgergil C, Soyman M, Dalli M, Yildirim I . A field-trial of two restorative materials used with atraumatic restorative treatment in rural Turkey: 24-month results. J Appl Oral Sci. 2009; 17(4):307-14. PMC: 4327647. DOI: 10.1590/s1678-77572009000400008. View

17.

Botelho M . The antimicrobial activity of a dentin conditioner combined with antibacterial agents. Oper Dent. 2005; 30(1):75-82. View

18.

Nicholson J . Chemistry of glass-ionomer cements: a review. Biomaterials. 1998; 19(6):485-94. DOI: 10.1016/s0142-9612(97)00128-2. View

19.

Weerheijm K, Groen H . The residual caries dilemma. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 1999; 27(6):436-41. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0528.1999.tb02045.x. View

20.

Silva R, Zuanon A, Esberard R, Candido M, Machado J . In vitro microhardness of glass ionomer cements. J Mater Sci Mater Med. 2007; 18(1):139-42. DOI: 10.1007/s10856-006-0672-y. View