[Trigger Points - Diagnosis and Treatment Concepts with Special Reference to Extracorporeal Shockwaves]

Overview

Journal Orthopade

Specialty Orthopedics

Date 2012 Feb 22

PMID 22349369

Citations 8

Authors

M Gleitz

K Hornig

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

The 70-year-old trigger point theory has experienced a growing scientific confirmation and clinical significance as a consequence of recent muscle pain research. The trigger point pain formation is caused by high levels of vasoneuroactive substances. Depending on intensity and duration of the muscle stimulus the central pain processing is modified and leads to characteristic referred pain patterns. The most effective conventional forms of treatment are aimed at a direct mechanical manipulation of the trigger point as are new forms of therapy with focused and radial shockwaves. By using high pressures the focused shockwaves in particular are suitable to provoke local and referred pain and thus simplify the trigger point diagnosis. The empirically found therapeutic effect of shockwaves on muscles is hypothetical and can be explained in analogy with validated reactions of shockwaves in non-muscle tissues. Overall, the shockwave therapy on muscles represents a confirmation and extension of the existing trigger point therapy. It seems to be suitable for treating functional muscular disorders and myofascial pain syndromes within the locomotor system.

Citing Articles

The Use and Benefits of Focused Shockwaves for the Diagnosis of Myofascial Pain Syndrome by Examining Myofascial Trigger Points in Low Back Pain.

Muller-Ehrenberg H, Giordani F, Muller-Ehrenberg A, Stange R Biomedicines. 2025; 12(12.

PMID: 39767813 PMC: 11673203. DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12122909.

Are Extracorporeal Shock Waves Just a Therapeutic Tool?.

Gialanella B, Comini L, Bonometti G, Vanoglio F, Bettinsoli A, Santoro R Diagnostics (Basel). 2024; 14(21).

PMID: 39518409 PMC: 11545556. DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14212440.

Case study: Treating infraspinatus and supraspinatus trigger points and supraspinatus tendinopathy utilizing piezoelectric shockwave.

Owen H Front Vet Sci. 2022; 9:943276.

PMID: 36387390 PMC: 9645527. DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.943276.

Biological response of extracorporeal shock wave therapy to tendinopathy (review).

Chen Y, Lyu K, Lu J, Jiang L, Zhu B, Liu X Front Vet Sci. 2022; 9:851894.

PMID: 35942112 PMC: 9356378. DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.851894.

Return to play after treating acute muscle injuries in elite football players with radial extracorporeal shock wave therapy.

Morgan J, Hamm M, Schmitz C, Brem M J Orthop Surg Res. 2021; 16(1):708.

PMID: 34876172 PMC: 8650394. DOI: 10.1186/s13018-021-02853-0.

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