Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID): Exploring the Multiple Dimensions of a Heterogeneous Disease

Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) represents a large heterogeneous group of antibody deficiency syndromes associated with a plethora of clinical features and as yet largely undefined molecular causes. We are now seeing this heterogeneous group being increasingly defined into single-gene and polygenic disorders after stratification into homogeneous patient subgroups based on improved clinical and immunological criteria, including molecular, functional, immunohistological, and longitudinal and outcome information. In this perspective, we highlight recent developments in CVID, addressing mainly its genetic and immunological dimensions.