Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist: a New Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Overview
Pharmacy
Affiliations
Various complex mechanisms and their multifactorial pathways decisively provoke low-grade local and systemic inflammation in β-cells of pancreatic islets and peripheral tissues to induce β-cells' dysfunction and apoptosis, insulin resistance, and ultimately, overt type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Conventional antidiabetic agents are being less popular, as they have some potential adverse effects. Currently, many anti-inflammatory therapeutic modalities are being investigated to abate the infuriating effects of inducers of T2DM and among them, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) is the only one that has been approved by US Food and Drug Administration. We have compared IL-1Ra with other anti-inflammatory agents and conventional antidiabetic agents. Although, IL-1Ra has broad-spectrum anti-inflammatory activities, it also has some limitations due to its short half-life. To overcome the problem of short half-life of IL-1Ra, recently, we fused IL-1Ra in recombinant human serum albumin and expressed it in Pichia pastoris. Its bioactivity was also checked by IL-1-induced A375.S2 apoptotic cells. Furthermore, we have also formulated IL-1Ra with Pluronic F-127-based thermosensitive gel and investigated its in vitro characteristics to prolong its therapeutic effects. Further studies are required to investigate its therapeutic effects against diabetes and diabetes-associated complications.
Yang C, Yu R, Zhang Y, Wang Q, Huang D, Cheng Y Mater Today Bio. 2025; 31:101507.
PMID: 39925714 PMC: 11804778. DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2025.101507.
Simha N A, Patil S, M K J, N C, Shing Wong L, Kijsomporn J Front Pharmacol. 2024; 15:1382876.
PMID: 39323638 PMC: 11422237. DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1382876.
Impact of Lipids on Insulin Resistance: Insights from Human and Animal Studies.
Elkanawati R, Sumiwi S, Levita J Drug Des Devel Ther. 2024; 18:3337-3360.
PMID: 39100221 PMC: 11298177. DOI: 10.2147/DDDT.S468147.
Therapeutic proteins: developments, progress, challenges, and future perspectives.
Kumar V, Barwal A, Sharma N, Mir D, Kumar P, Kumar V 3 Biotech. 2024; 14(4):112.
PMID: 38510462 PMC: 10948735. DOI: 10.1007/s13205-024-03958-z.
Yao H, Pang Y, Chen Y, Si N, Wu C, Wang Z Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. 2023; 16:3599-3608.
PMID: 37964941 PMC: 10642489. DOI: 10.2147/DMSO.S427873.