The Nonreceptor-type Tyrosine Phosphatase PTPN13 is a Tumor Suppressor Gene in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer

The aim of the present work was to identify protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) as novel, candidate tumor suppressor genes in lung cancer. Among the 38 PTPs in the human genome that show specificity for phosphotyrosine, we identified six PTPs by quantitative RT-PCR whose mRNA expression levels were significantly down-regulated in lung cancer-derived cell lines (ie, PTPRE, PTPRF, PTPRU, PTPRK, PTPRD, and PTPN13). After validation in primary samples of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), we selected PTPN13 for further studies. The results presented here demonstrate that PTPN13 is a candidate tumor suppressor gene that is frequently inactivated in NSCLC through the loss of either mRNA and protein expression (64/87, 73%) or somatic mutation (approximately 8%). Loss of PTPN13 expression was apparently due to the loss of one or both copies of the PTPN13 locus at 4q (approximately 26% double deletion and approximately 37% single deletion) but not to promoter methylation. Finally, the manipulation of PTPN13 expression in lung cancer cells (ie, NCI-H292, A549) demonstrated that PTPN13 negatively regulates anchorage-dependent and anchorage-independent growth in vitro and restrains tumorigenicity in vivo, possibly through the control of the tyrosine phosphorylation of both EGFR and HER2. In conclusion, the expression screening of PTPs in lung cancer reported here has identified PTPN13 as a novel candidate tumor suppressor in NSCLC whose loss increases signaling from epidermal growth factor receptor and HER2 tyrosine kinase receptors.