Advances in Our Understanding of the Pathogenesis of HIV-1 Associated Nephropathy in Children

Overview

Journal Future Virol

Specialty Microbiology

Date 2011 Dec 14

PMID 22162721

Citations 9

Authors

Patricio E Ray

Chien-An A Hu

Affiliations

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Abstract

Childhood HIV-1 associated nephropathy (HIVAN) is a clinical and renal histological disease characterized by heavy proteinuria associated with focal and segmental glomerular sclerosis and/or mesangial hyperplasia in combination with microcystic tubular dilatation. These lesions lead to renal enlargement and rapid progression to kidney failure. Children of African ancestry have a unique susceptibility to developing HIVAN. It is estimated that approximately 300,000 HIV-infected children living in the sub-Saharan Africa could develop HIVAN if they do not receive appropriate antiretroviral therapy. This article discusses recent developments and controversies related to the pathogenesis of childhood HIVAN. The role of host genetic factors, including the newly identified variants in the APOL1 gene, is discussed in the context of previous studies that established the pathological paradigm for HIVAN, and our current understanding of the functional genomics analysis. Hopefully, these advances will provide new research opportunities to generate better treatments for children with HIVAN.

Citing Articles

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Renal abnormalities in a cohort of HIV-infected children and adolescents.

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Prevalence of persistent microalbuminuria and associated factors among HIV infected children attending a Tertiary Hospital in Northern Tanzania: a cross sectional, analytical study.

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