Human Myxomatous Mitral Valve Prolapse: Role of Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4 in Valvular Interstitial Cell Activation

Overview

Journal J Cell Physiol

Specialties Cell Biology
Physiology

Date 2011 Nov 23

PMID 22105615

Citations 34

Authors

Rachana Sainger

Juan B Grau

Emanuela Branchetti

Paolo Poggio

William F Seefried

Benjamin C Field

Michael A Acker

Robert C Gorman

Joseph H Gorman 3rd

Clark W Hargrove 3rd

Joseph E Bavaria

Giovanni Ferrari

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Myxomatous mitral valve prolapse (MVP) is the most common cardiac valvular abnormality in industrialized countries and a leading cause of mitral valve surgery for isolated mitral regurgitation. The key role of valvular interstitial cells (VICs) during mitral valve development and homeostasis has been recently suggested, however little is known about the molecular pathways leading to MVP. We aim to characterize bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) as a cellular regulator of mitral VIC activation towards a pathologic synthetic phenotype and to analyze the cellular phenotypic changes and extracellular matrix (ECM) reorganization associated with the development of myxomatous MVP. Microarray analysis showed significant up regulation of BMP4-mediated signaling molecules in myxomatous MVP when compared to controls. Histological analysis and cellular characterization suggest that during myxomatous MVP development, healthy quiescent mitral VICs undergo a phenotypic activation via up regulation of BMP4-mediated pathway. In vitro hBMP4 treatment of isolated human mitral VICs mimics the cellular activation and ECM remodeling as seen in MVP tissues. The present study characterizes the cell biology of mitral VICs in physiological and pathological conditions and provides insights into the molecular and cellular mechanisms mediated by BMP4 during MVP. The ability to test and control the plasticity of VICs using different molecules may help in developing new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for myxomatous MVP.

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