Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment, and Control of Hypertension Among Saudi Adult Population: A National Survey

Overview

Journal Int J Hypertens

Publisher Wiley

Date 2011 Sep 14

PMID 21912737

Citations 60

Authors

Abdalla A Saeed

Nasser A Al-Hamdan

Ahmed A Bahnassy

Abdelshakour M Abdalla

Mostafa A F Abbas

Lamiaa Z Abuzaid

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

This cross-sectional study aimed at estimating prevalence, awareness, treatment, control, and predictors of hypertension among Saudi adult population. Multistage stratified sampling was used to select 4758 adult participants. Three blood pressure measurements using an automatic sphygmomanometer, sociodemographics, and antihypertensive modalities were obtained. The overall prevalence of hypertension was 25.5%. Only 44.7% of hypertensives were aware, 71.8% of them received pharmacotherapy, and only 37.0% were controlled. Awareness was significantly associated with gender, age, geographical location, occupation, and comorbidity. Applying drug treatment was significantly more among older patients, but control was significantly higher among younger patients and patients with higher level of physical activity. Significant predictors of hypertension included male gender, urbanization, low education, low physical activity, obesity, diabetes, and hypercholesterolemia. In conclusion prevalence is high, but awareness, treatment, and control levels are low indicating a need to develop a national program for prevention, early detection, and control of hypertension.

Citing Articles

Hypertension clinical pathway: Experience of Aseer region, Saudi Arabia.

Assiri A, Al-Khaldi Y, Kaabi A, Alshehri I, Al-Shahrani M, Almalki A J Family Community Med. 2024; 31(2):116-123.

PMID: 38800786 PMC: 11114869. DOI: 10.4103/jfcm.jfcm_283_23.

Artificial intelligence approaches for early detection of neurocognitive disorders among older adults.

AlHarkan K, Sultana N, Al Mulhim N, AlAbdulKader A, Alsafwani N, Barnawi M Front Comput Neurosci. 2024; 18:1307305.

PMID: 38444404 PMC: 10913197. DOI: 10.3389/fncom.2024.1307305.

Overview of hypertension in Saudi Arabia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Alshammari S, Alshammari A, Alshammari H, Ahamed S Saudi Med J. 2023; 44(10):951-964.

PMID: 37777271 PMC: 10541986. DOI: 10.15537/smj.2023.44.10.20230178.

Awareness, Treatment, and Control of Hypertension among 10663 Adults Based on the Baseline Data of the Kherameh Cohort Study.

Rezaianzadeh A, Jafari F, Ghoddusi Johari M, Karami H J Tehran Heart Cent. 2023; 18(2):102-108.

PMID: 37637280 PMC: 10459349. DOI: 10.18502/jthc.v18i2.13319.

Patient journey for hypertension and dyslipidemia in Saudi Arabia: highlighting the evidence gaps.

Amir A, Alasnag M, Al-Raddadi R, Al-Bassam T, Saeed K, Yazicioglu M Arch Public Health. 2023; 81(1):122.

PMID: 37400868 PMC: 10316580. DOI: 10.1186/s13690-023-01121-3.

References

Wolf-Maier K, Cooper R, Banegas J, Giampaoli S, Hense H, Joffres M . Hypertension prevalence and blood pressure levels in 6 European countries, Canada, and the United States. JAMA. 2003; 289(18):2363-9. DOI: 10.1001/jama.289.18.2363. View

Kearney P, Whelton M, Reynolds K, Muntner P, Whelton P, He J . Global burden of hypertension: analysis of worldwide data. Lancet. 2005; 365(9455):217-23. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)17741-1. View

Kershaw K, Diez Roux A, Carnethon M, Darwin C, Goff Jr D, Post W . Geographic variation in hypertension prevalence among blacks and whites: the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis. Am J Hypertens. 2009; 23(1):46-53. PMC: 2980366. DOI: 10.1038/ajh.2009.211. View

Arnaout M, Almahmeed W, Ibrahim M, Ker J, Khalil M, Van Wyk C . Hypertension and its management in countries in Africa and the Middle East, with special reference to the place of β-blockade. Curr Med Res Opin. 2011; 27(6):1223-36. DOI: 10.1185/03007995.2011.576239. View

Meng X, Dong G, Wang D, Liu M, Lin Q, Tian S . Prevalence, awareness, treatment, control, and risk factors associated with hypertension in urban adults from 33 communities of China: the CHPSNE study. J Hypertens. 2011; 29(7):1303-10. DOI: 10.1097/HJH.0b013e328347f79e. View

Pereira M, Lunet N, Azevedo A, Barros H . Differences in prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension between developing and developed countries. J Hypertens. 2009; 27(5):963-75. DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0b013e3283282f65. View

Musaiger A, Al Hazzaa H, Al-Qahtani A, Elati J, Ramadan J, Aboulella N . Strategy to combat obesity and to promote physical activity in Arab countries. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. 2011; 4:89-97. PMC: 3107691. DOI: 10.2147/DMSO.S17322. View

Alsuwaida A, Alghonaim M . Gender disparities in the awareness and control of hypertension. Clin Exp Hypertens. 2011; 33(5):354-7. DOI: 10.3109/10641963.2010.531857. View

Damasceno A, Azevedo A, Silva-Matos C, Prista A, Diogo D, Lunet N . Hypertension prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control in mozambique: urban/rural gap during epidemiological transition. Hypertension. 2009; 54(1):77-83. DOI: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.109.132423. View

10.

Mendez M, Cooper R, Wilks R, Luke A, Forrester T . Income, education, and blood pressure in adults in Jamaica, a middle-income developing country. Int J Epidemiol. 2003; 32(3):400-8. DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyg083. View

11.

Camoes M, Oliveira A, Pereira M, Severo M, Lopes C . Role of physical activity and diet in incidence of hypertension: a population-based study in Portuguese adults. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2010; 64(12):1441-9. DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2010.170. View

12.

Al-Nozha M, Al-Hazzaa H, Arafah M, Al-Khadra A, Al-Mazrou Y, Al-Maatouq M . Prevalence of physical activity and inactivity among Saudis aged 30-70 years. A population-based cross-sectional study. Saudi Med J. 2007; 28(4):559-68. View

13.

Brindel P, Hanon O, Dartigues J, Ritchie K, Lacombe J, Ducimetiere P . Prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in the elderly: the Three City study. J Hypertens. 2005; 24(1):51-8. DOI: 10.1097/01.hjh.0000198028.84353.86. View

14.

Lee H, Kim Y, Lee C, Shin J, Kim M, Choi B . [Awareness, treatment and control of hypertension and related factors in the jurisdictional areas of primary health care posts in a rural community of Korea]. J Prev Med Public Health. 2011; 44(2):74-83. DOI: 10.3961/jpmph.2011.44.2.74. View

15.

Forman J, Stampfer M, Curhan G . Diet and lifestyle risk factors associated with incident hypertension in women. JAMA. 2009; 302(4):401-11. PMC: 2803081. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2009.1060. View

16.

Al-Nozha M, Abdullah M, Arafah M, Khalil M, Khan N, Al-Mazrou Y . Hypertension in Saudi Arabia. Saudi Med J. 2007; 28(1):77-84. View

17.

Khosravi A, Kiani Mehr G, Kelishadi R, Shirani S, Gharipour M, Tavassoli A . The impact of a 6-year comprehensive community trial on the awareness, treatment and control rates of hypertension in Iran: experiences from the Isfahan healthy heart program. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2010; 10:61. PMC: 3023732. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2261-10-61. View

18.

Masala G, Bendinelli B, Versari D, Saieva C, Ceroti M, Santagiuliana F . Anthropometric and dietary determinants of blood pressure in over 7000 Mediterranean women: the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition-Florence cohort. J Hypertens. 2008; 26(11):2112-20. DOI: 10.1097/HJH.0b013e32830ef75c. View

19.

Nakanishi N, Suzuki K . Daily life activity and the risk of developing hypertension in middle-aged Japanese men. Arch Intern Med. 2005; 165(2):214-20. DOI: 10.1001/archinte.165.2.214. View

20.

Ibrahim M, Rizk H, Appel L, El Aroussy W, Helmy S, Sharaf Y . Hypertension prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control in Egypt. Results from the Egyptian National Hypertension Project (NHP). NHP Investigative Team. Hypertension. 1995; 26(6 Pt 1):886-90. DOI: 10.1161/01.hyp.26.6.886. View