Effectiveness of Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid (EDTA) and MTAD on Debris and Smear Layer Removal Using a Self-adjusting File

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the cleaning ability of a self-adjusting file (SAF) system regarding debris and smear layer removal using ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) or MTAD.

Study Design: In total, 45 maxillary incisor teeth were randomly divided into 2 different irrigation groups of 20 canals each and a negative control group of 5 canals. The canals in each of the irrigation groups were irrigated using sodium hypochlorite (1.3%) as an initial irrigant during the first 2 minutes of operation, followed by 2 minutes continuous irrigation with either 17% EDTA or MTAD in a closed system. The negative control group was irrigated using 1.3% sodium hypochlorite. The roots were split longitudinally and subjected to scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The presence of debris and smear layer in the coronal, middle, and apical thirds of the canal was evaluated using a 5-grade scoring system with ×200 and ×2,000 magnification, respectively.

Results: The SAF operation with 2-minute continuous irrigation using MTAD resulted in root canal walls that were free of smear layer in 85%, 70%, and 60% and of debris in 95%, 90%, and 95% of the coronal, middle, and apical thirds of the root canals, respectively. The SAF operation with continuous irrigation using EDTA resulted in root canal walls that were free of smear layer in 85%, 60%, and 50% and of debris in 95%, 90%, and 85% of the coronal, middle, and apical thirds of the root canals, respectively. Teeth in the negative control group were totally covered with debris. Evaluation by SEM showed no significant difference between the tested irrigants in removing the smear layer and debris among the different regions of the root canal. Both groups were significantly different from the negative control group.

Conclusions: When using the SAF, the protocols used in this study were effective for debridement for all regions of the root canal even for the apical thirds.