Genotoxicity and Mutagenicity of Echinodorus Macrophyllus (chapéu-de-couro) Extracts

Overview

Journal Genet Mol Biol

Specialty Genetics

Date 2011 Jun 4

PMID 21637431

Citations 1

Authors

Leonardo S Vidal

Adriana M Alves

Ricardo M Kuster

Claudia Lage

Alvaro C Leitao

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Echinodorus macrophyllus, commonly known as chapéu-de-couro, is a medicinal plant used in folk medicine to treat inflammation and rheumatic diseases. In this work, we used short-term bacterial assays based on the induction of SOS functions to examine the genotoxicity and mutagenicity of an aqueous extract of E. macrophyllus leaves. Whole extract and an ethyl acetate fraction showed similar genotoxicity and caused an ~70-fold increase in lysogenic induction. The extract also gave a positive result in the SOS chromotest with an increase of 12-fold in β-Galactosidase enzymatic units. There was a strong trend towards base substitutions and frameshifts at purine sites in the mutations induced by the extract in Escherichia coli (CC103 and CC104 strains) and Salmonella typhimurium test strains (22-fold increase in histidine revertants in TA98 strain). Since reactive oxygen species may be implicated in aging process and in degenerative diseases, we used antioxidant compounds as catalase, thiourea and dipyridyl in the lysogenic induction test. All this compounds were able to reduce the induction factor observed in the treatment with chapéu-de-couro, thus suggesting that the genotoxicity and mutagenicity were attributable to the production of reactive oxygen species that targeted DNA purines.

Citing Articles

fraction with a high level of flavonoid inhibits peripheral and central mechanisms of nociception.

Fernandes D, Martins B, Silva G, da Fonseca E, Santos S, Velozo L J Tradit Complement Med. 2022; 12(2):123-130.

PMID: 35528477 PMC: 9072821. DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2021.07.001.

References

Moreau P, Bailone A, Devoret R . Prophage lambda induction of Escherichia coli K12 envA uvrB: a highly sensitive test for potential carcinogens. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1976; 73(10):3700-4. PMC: 431186. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.73.10.3700. View

da Fonseca C, Leal J, Costa S, Leitao A . Genotoxic and mutagenic effects of guarana (Paullinia cupana) in prokaryotic organisms. Mutat Res. 1994; 321(3):165-73. DOI: 10.1016/0165-1218(94)90041-8. View

Kobayashi J, Sekiguchi M, Shimamoto S, Shigemori H, Ohsaki A . Echinophyllins C-F, new nitrogen-containing clerodane diterpenoids from Echinodorus macrophyllus. J Nat Prod. 2000; 63(11):1576-9. DOI: 10.1021/np000355w. View

Makena P, Pierce S, Chung K, Sinclair S . Comparative mutagenic effects of structurally similar flavonoids quercetin and taxifolin on tester strains Salmonella typhimurium TA102 and Escherichia coli WP-2 uvrA. Environ Mol Mutagen. 2009; 50(6):451-9. DOI: 10.1002/em.20487. View

Vogel H, Bonner D . Acetylornithinase of Escherichia coli: partial purification and some properties. J Biol Chem. 1956; 218(1):97-106. View

Zhang Z, Chang Q, Zhu M, Huang Y, Ho W, Chen Z . Characterization of antioxidants present in hawthorn fruits. J Nutr Biochem. 2001; 12(3):144-152. DOI: 10.1016/s0955-2863(00)00137-6. View

Gatehouse D, Haworth S, Cebula T, Gocke E, KIER L, Matsushima T . Recommendations for the performance of bacterial mutation assays. Mutat Res. 1994; 312(3):217-33. DOI: 10.1016/0165-1161(94)90037-x. View

Tchou J, Grollman A . Repair of DNA containing the oxidatively-damaged base, 8-oxoguanine. Mutat Res. 1993; 299(3-4):277-87. DOI: 10.1016/0165-1218(93)90104-l. View

Hatcher J, Bryan G . Factors affecting the mutagenic activity of quercetin for Salmonella typhimurium TA98: metal ions, antioxidants and pH. Mutat Res. 1985; 148(1-2):13-23. DOI: 10.1016/0027-5107(85)90203-9. View

10.

Harman D . Aging: a theory based on free radical and radiation chemistry. J Gerontol. 1956; 11(3):298-300. DOI: 10.1093/geronj/11.3.298. View

11.

Shigemori H, Shimamoto S, Sekiguchi M, Ohsaki A, Kobayashi J . Echinodolides A and B, new cembrane diterpenoids with an eight-membered lactone ring from the leaves of Echinodorus macrophyllus. J Nat Prod. 2002; 65(1):82-4. DOI: 10.1021/np0104119. View

12.

Bjeldanes L, Chang G . Mutagenic activity of quercetin and related compounds. Science. 1977; 197(4303):577-8. DOI: 10.1126/science.327550. View

13.

Carver J, Carrano A, MacGregor J . Genetic effects of the flavonols quercetin, kaempferol, and galangin on Chinese hamster ovary cells in vitro. Mutat Res. 1983; 113(1):45-60. DOI: 10.1016/0165-1161(83)90240-6. View

14.

Rimm E, Katan M, Ascherio A, Stampfer M, Willett W . Relation between intake of flavonoids and risk for coronary heart disease in male health professionals. Ann Intern Med. 1996; 125(5):384-9. DOI: 10.7326/0003-4819-125-5-199609010-00005. View

15.

Murray V . Transversion-specific purine analogue mutagens and the mechanism of hydroxylaminopurine mutagenesis. Mutat Res. 1987; 177(2):189-99. DOI: 10.1016/0027-5107(87)90002-9. View

16.

Fujita Y, Wakabayashi K, Nagao M, Sugimura T . Implication of hydrogen peroxide in the mutagenicity of coffee. Mutat Res. 1985; 144(4):227-30. DOI: 10.1016/0165-7992(85)90055-7. View

17.

Quillardet P, Huisman O, Dari R, Hofnung M . SOS chromotest, a direct assay of induction of an SOS function in Escherichia coli K-12 to measure genotoxicity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1982; 79(19):5971-5. PMC: 347033. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.79.19.5971. View

18.

Leitao A, Braga R . Mutagenic and genotoxic effects of mate (Ilex paraguariensis) in prokaryotic organisms. Braz J Med Biol Res. 1994; 27(7):1517-25. View

19.

Valko M, Leibfritz D, Moncol J, Cronin M, Mazur M, Telser J . Free radicals and antioxidants in normal physiological functions and human disease. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2006; 39(1):44-84. DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2006.07.001. View

20.

Knekt P, Jarvinen R, Seppanen R, Hellovaara M, Teppo L, Pukkala E . Dietary flavonoids and the risk of lung cancer and other malignant neoplasms. Am J Epidemiol. 1997; 146(3):223-30. DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009257. View