Female Sex Bias in Human Embryonic Stem Cell Lines

Overview

Journal Stem Cells Dev

Date 2011 May 19

PMID 21585244

Citations 12

Authors

Dalit Ben-Yosef

Ami Amit

Mira Malcov

Tsvia Frumkin

Ahmi Ben-Yehudah

Ido Eldar

Nava Mey-Raz

Foad Azem

Gheona Altarescu

Paul Renbaum

Rachel Beeri

Irit Varshaver

Talia Eldar-Geva

Silvina Epsztejn-Litman

Ephrat Levy-Lahad

Rachel Eiges

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

The factors limiting the rather inefficient derivation of human embryonic stem cells (HESCs) are not fully understood. The aim of this study was to analyze the sex ratio in our 42 preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD)-HESC lines, in an attempt to verify its affect on the establishment of HESC lines. The ratio between male and female PGD-derived cell lines was compared. We found a significant increase in female cell lines (76%). This finding was further confirmed by a meta-analysis for combining the results of all PGD-derived HESC lines published to date (148) and all normal karyotyped HESC lines derived from spare in vitro fertilization embryos worldwide (397). Further, gender determination of embryos demonstrated that this difference originates from the actual derivation process rather than from unequal representation of male and female embryos. It can therefore be concluded that the clear-cut tendency for female preponderance is attributed to suboptimal culture conditions rather than from a true gender imbalance in embryos used for derivation of HESC lines. We propose a mechanism in which aberrant X chromosome inactivation and/or overexpression of critical metabolic X-linked genes might explain this sex dimorphism.

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