Selective and Random Syntheses of [n]cycloparaphenylenes (n=8-13) and Size Dependence of Their Electronic Properties

[n]Cycloparaphenylenes (n = 8-13, CPPs) were synthesized, and their physical properties were systematically investigated. [8] and [12]CPPs were selectively prepared from the reaction of 4,4'-bis(trimethylstannyl)biphenyl and 4,4''-bis(trimethylstannyl)terphenyl, respectively, with Pt(cod)Cl(2) (cod = 1,5-cyclooctadiene) through square-shaped tetranuclear platinum intermediates. A mixture of [8]-[13]CPPs was prepared in good combined yields by mixing biphenyl and terphenyl precursors with platinum sources. Products were easily separated and purified by using gel permeation chromatography. In (1)H NMR spectra, the proton of the CPPs shifts to a lower field as n increased due to an anisotropic effect from the nearby PP moieties. Although the UV-vis spectra were rather insensitive to the size of the CPPs, the fluorescence spectra changed significantly in relation to their size. A larger Stokes shift was observed for the smaller CPPs. Redox properties of the CPPs were measured for the first time by using cyclic voltammetry, and the smaller CPPs had lower oxidation potentials. The results are consistent with the HOMO energies of CPPs, of which the smaller CPPs had higher energies.