Heterogeneity in Host Risk Factors for Incident Melanoma and Non-melanoma Skin Cancer in a Cohort of US Women

Overview

Journal J Epidemiol

Specialty Public Health

Date 2011 Apr 26

PMID 21515942

Citations 19

Authors

Abrar A Qureshi

Mingfeng Zhang

Jiali Han

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background: Melanoma, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and basal cell carcinoma (BCC) are 3 types of skin cancer that have distinct biologic characteristics and prognoses. We evaluated phenotypic differences in the risk of these cancers in US women.

Methods: We conducted a prospective study of 113 139 female nurses from 1984 to 2002. Over the 18 years of follow-up, there were 375 cases of melanoma, 495 cases of SCC, and 9423 cases of BCC.

Results: Women with melanoma were more likely to have a family history of melanoma (melanoma: RR 1.94, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.36-2.76; SCC: RR 0.82, 95% CI 0.58-1.37; BCC: RR 1.49, 95% CI 1.38-1.62) and 6 or more moles on the left arm (melanoma: RR 3.66, 95% CI 2.15-6.24; SCC: RR 1.53, 95% CI 0.83-2.79; BCC: RR 1.48, 95% CI 1.28-1.72). Polytomous logistic regression analysis showed that age at diagnosis (P < 0.0001), family history of melanoma (P = 0.016), and number of moles on the left arm (P = 0.007) were significantly different across the 3 cancers.

Conclusions: This prospective observational study demonstrated that known phenotypic factors for skin cancer have a differential impact on the risk of melanoma, SCC, and BCC.

Citing Articles

Digital Interventions to Modify Skin Cancer Risk Behaviors in a National Sample of Young Adults: Randomized Controlled Trial.

Heckman C, Mitarotondo A, Lin Y, Khavjou O, Riley M, Manne S J Med Internet Res. 2024; 26:e55831.

PMID: 38954433 PMC: 11252624. DOI: 10.2196/55831.

COX-2 inhibitors show no preventive effect in the development of skin cancer.

Yen H, Yen H, Drucker A, Han J, Li W, Li T J Dtsch Dermatol Ges. 2022; 20(2):157-166.

PMID: 35088518 PMC: 9208635. DOI: 10.1111/ddg.14649.

Indoor Tanning and the Risk of Overall and Early-Onset Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

An S, Kim K, Moon S, Ko K, Kim I, Lee J Cancers (Basel). 2021; 13(23).

PMID: 34885049 PMC: 8656707. DOI: 10.3390/cancers13235940.

Age-Specific Incidence of Melanoma in the United States.

Paulson K, Gupta D, Kim T, Veatch J, Byrd D, Bhatia S JAMA Dermatol. 2019; 156(1):57-64.

PMID: 31721989 PMC: 6865303. DOI: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2019.3353.

Association of Skin Cancer Risk and Protective Behaviors with Health Literacy Among Young Adults in the USA.

Heckman C, Auerbach M, Darlow S, Handorf E, Raivitch S, Manne S Int J Behav Med. 2019; 26(4):372-379.

PMID: 31147962 PMC: 7673460. DOI: 10.1007/s12529-019-09788-1.

References

Weinstock M . Assessment of sun sensitivity by questionnaire: validity of items and formulation of a prediction rule. J Clin Epidemiol. 1992; 45(5):547-52. DOI: 10.1016/0895-4356(92)90104-u. View

Hunter D, Colditz G, Stampfer M, Rosner B, Willett W, Speizer F . Diet and risk of basal cell carcinoma of the skin in a prospective cohort of women. Ann Epidemiol. 1992; 2(3):231-9. DOI: 10.1016/1047-2797(92)90055-u. View

Kowalczuk C, Priestner M, Baller C, Pearson A, CRIDLAND N, Saunders R . Effect of increased intracellular melanin concentration on survival of human melanoma cells exposed to different wavelengths of UV radiation. Int J Radiat Biol. 2001; 77(8):883-9. DOI: 10.1080/09553000110062521. View

Hauser J, Luisa Kadekaro A, Kavanagh R, Wakamatsu K, Terzieva S, Schwemberger S . Melanin content and MC1R function independently affect UVR-induced DNA damage in cultured human melanocytes. Pigment Cell Res. 2006; 19(4):303-14. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0749.2006.00315.x. View

Gandini S, Sera F, Cattaruzza M, Pasquini P, Zanetti R, Masini C . Meta-analysis of risk factors for cutaneous melanoma: III. Family history, actinic damage and phenotypic factors. Eur J Cancer. 2005; 41(14):2040-59. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2005.03.034. View

Valverde P, Healy E, Jackson I, Rees J, Thody A . Variants of the melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor gene are associated with red hair and fair skin in humans. Nat Genet. 1995; 11(3):328-30. DOI: 10.1038/ng1195-328. View

Blackwood M, Holmes R, Synnestvedt M, Young M, George C, Yang H . Multiple primary melanoma revisited. Cancer. 2002; 94(8):2248-55. DOI: 10.1002/cncr.10454. View

Psaty E, Scope A, Halpern A, Marghoob A . Defining the patient at high risk for melanoma. Int J Dermatol. 2010; 49(4):362-76. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-4632.2010.04381.x. View

Han J, Kraft P, Nan H, Guo Q, Chen C, Qureshi A . A genome-wide association study identifies novel alleles associated with hair color and skin pigmentation. PLoS Genet. 2008; 4(5):e1000074. PMC: 2367449. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1000074. View

10.

Zanetti R, Prota G, Napolitano A, Martinez C, Sancho-Garnier H, Osterlind A . Development of an integrated method of skin phenotype measurement using the melanins. Melanoma Res. 2001; 11(6):551-7. DOI: 10.1097/00008390-200112000-00001. View

11.

Tsao H, Atkins M, Sober A . Management of cutaneous melanoma. N Engl J Med. 2004; 351(10):998-1012. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMra041245. View

12.

Nan H, Kraft P, Qureshi A, Guo Q, Chen C, Hankinson S . Genome-wide association study of tanning phenotype in a population of European ancestry. J Invest Dermatol. 2009; 129(9):2250-7. PMC: 2758927. DOI: 10.1038/jid.2009.62. View

13.

Marshall R, Chisholm E . Hypothesis testing in the polychotomous logistic model with an application to detecting gastrointestinal cancer. Stat Med. 1985; 4(3):337-44. DOI: 10.1002/sim.4780040313. View

14.

Grulich A, Bataille V, Swerdlow A, Newton-Bishop J, Cuzick J, Hersey P . Naevi and pigmentary characteristics as risk factors for melanoma in a high-risk population: a case-control study in New South Wales, Australia. Int J Cancer. 1996; 67(4):485-91. DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0215(19960807)67:4<485::AID-IJC4>3.0.CO;2-O. View

15.

Woodhead A, Setlow R, Tanaka M . Environmental factors in nonmelanoma and melanoma skin cancer. J Epidemiol. 2000; 9(6 Suppl):S102-14. DOI: 10.2188/jea.9.6sup_102. View

16.

Madan V, Lear J, Szeimies R . Non-melanoma skin cancer. Lancet. 2010; 375(9715):673-85. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(09)61196-X. View

17.

Autier P, Severi G, Pedeux R, Cattaruzza M, Boniol M, Grivegnee A . Number and size of nevi are influenced by different sun exposure components: implications for the etiology of cutaneous melanoma (Belgium, Germany, France, Italy). Cancer Causes Control. 2003; 14(5):453-9. DOI: 10.1023/a:1024961100651. View

18.

Nogues M, Giralt M, Cervello I, Castillo D, Espeso O, Argany N . Parameters related to oxygen free radicals in human skin: a study comparing healthy epidermis and skin cancer tissue. J Invest Dermatol. 2002; 119(3):645-52. DOI: 10.1046/j.1523-1747.2002.00077.x. View

19.

Lear J, Tan B, Smith A, Jones P, Heagerty A, Strange R . A comparison of risk factors for malignant melanoma, squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma in the UK. Int J Clin Pract. 1998; 52(3):145-9. View

20.

Marghoob A, Slade J, Salopek T, Kopf A, Bart R, Rigel D . Basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas are important risk factors for cutaneous malignant melanoma. Screening implications. Cancer. 1995; 75(2 Suppl):707-14. DOI: 10.1002/1097-0142(19950115)75:2+<707::aid-cncr2820751415>3.0.co;2-w. View