Uncommon Fungi Isolated from Diabetic Patients Toenails with or Without Visible Onychomycoses

Overview

Journal Mycopathologia

Specialties Microbiology
Pharmacology

Date 2011 Apr 23

PMID 21512855

Citations 4

Authors

Marisela Gonzalez-Avila

Juan Vicente Gomez-Gomez

Alejandra Paula Espinosa Texis

Jose Luis Imbert-Palafox

Marco Antonio Becerril-Flores

Jose Luis Blasco

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Kodamaea ohmeri and Prototheca wickerhamii are rare pathogens for humans, and even more rare as cause of onychomycosis. This work reports the second case of onychomycosis by K. ohmeri and the fourth of onycoprotothecosis; it was made in public health institutions in the Hidalgo State, Mexico, studying 261 diabetic patients during 2005 and 2006. Kodamaea ohmeri was isolated from toenails of a 51-year-old female patient, and P. wickerhamii from three female patients of 48, 49, and 61 years old, respectively, all of them with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM 2). Identifications were done by standard microbiological methods and a commercial system. Only one patient infected with P. wickerhamii showed mixed infection with dermatophytes. Out of the total studied DM 2 patients, 1.15% presented onycoprotothecosis and 0.38% onychomycosis by K. ohmeri, high percentages if it is considered that few cases have been reported of K. ohmeri and P. wickerhamii as onychomycosis causal agents.

Citing Articles

A case report of childhood onychomycosis caused by the rare yeast .

Ngo T, Ton That D, Ton Nu P, Chi Cao L, Nguyen Thi Tra M, Tran T Med Mycol Case Rep. 2025; 47:100695.

PMID: 39926298 PMC: 11803881. DOI: 10.1016/j.mmcr.2025.100695.

Gut-derived fungemia due to Kodamaea ohmeri combined with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis: a case report.

Li Z, Kuang Y, Zheng Y, Xu P, Wang J, Gan R BMC Infect Dis. 2022; 22(1):903.

PMID: 36460998 PMC: 9719164. DOI: 10.1186/s12879-022-07866-6.

as an Emerging Human Pathogen: A Review and Update.

Zhou M, Li Y, Kudinha T, Xu Y, Liu Z Front Microbiol. 2021; 12:736582.

PMID: 34566940 PMC: 8461310. DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.736582.

[Infections of finger and toe nails due to fungi and bacteria].

Nenoff P, Paasch U, Handrick W Hautarzt. 2014; 65(4):337-48.

PMID: 24718510 DOI: 10.1007/s00105-013-2704-0.

Cutaneous protothecosis in patient with diabetes mellitus and review of published case reports.

Zhang Q, Li L, Zhu L, Zhao Y, Wang Y, Zhu J Mycopathologia. 2011; 173(2-3):163-71.

PMID: 21964624 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-011-9480-0.

References

Pierard G, Pierard-Franchimont C . The nail under fungal siege in patients with type II diabetes mellitus. Mycoses. 2005; 48(5):339-42. DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0507.2005.01140.x. View

Gupta A, Humke S . The prevalence and management of onychomycosis in diabetic patients. Eur J Dermatol. 2000; 10(5):379-84. View

Rich P, Hare A . Onychomycosis in a special patient population: focus on the diabetic. Int J Dermatol. 1999; 38 Suppl 2:17-9. DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-4362.1999.00009.x. View

Dogra S, Kumar B, Bhansali A, Chakrabarty A . Epidemiology of onychomycosis in patients with diabetes mellitus in India. Int J Dermatol. 2002; 41(10):647-51. DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-4362.2002.01528.x. View

Bergman M, Gagnon D, Doern G . Pichia ohmeri fungemia. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 1998; 30(3):229-31. DOI: 10.1016/s0732-8893(97)00233-2. View

Mayser P, Freund V, Budihardja D . Toenail onychomycosis in diabetic patients: issues and management. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2009; 10(4):211-20. DOI: 10.2165/00128071-200910040-00001. View

Hazen K . New and emerging yeast pathogens. Clin Microbiol Rev. 1995; 8(4):462-78. PMC: 172871. DOI: 10.1128/CMR.8.4.462. View

Lass-Florl C, Mayr A . Human protothecosis. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2007; 20(2):230-42. PMC: 1865593. DOI: 10.1128/CMR.00032-06. View

Kam K, Au W, Wong P, Cheung M . Onychomycosis in Hong Kong. Int J Dermatol. 1997; 36(10):757-61. DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-4362.1997.00048.x. View

10.

Stenner V, Mackay B, King T, Barrs V, Irwin P, Abraham L . Protothecosis in 17 Australian dogs and a review of the canine literature. Med Mycol. 2007; 45(3):249-66. DOI: 10.1080/13693780601187158. View

11.

Zaitz C, Miranda Godoy A, de Sousa V, Ruiz L, Masada A, Nobre M . Onychoprotothecosis: report of the first case in Brazil. Int J Dermatol. 2006; 45(9):1071-3. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-4632.2006.03038.x. View

12.

Otag F, Kuyucu N, Erturan Z, Sen S, Emekdas G, Sugita T . An outbreak of Pichia ohmeri infection in the paediatric intensive care unit: case reports and review of the literature. Mycoses. 2005; 48(4):265-9. DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0507.2005.01126.x. View

13.

Magerman K, Gordts B, Hindryckx P, Van Landuyt H . Isolation of Prototheca zopfii from a finger. Case report and review of the literature. Acta Clin Belg. 1991; 46(4):233-6. DOI: 10.1080/17843286.1991.11718171. View

14.

Han X, Tarrand J, Escudero E . Infections by the yeast Kodomaea (Pichia) ohmeri: two cases and literature review. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2004; 23(2):127-30. DOI: 10.1007/s10096-003-1067-3. View

15.

Manzano-Gayosso P, Hernandez-Hernandez F, Mendez-Tovar L, Palacios-Morales Y, Cordova-Martinez E, Bazan-Mora E . Onychomycosis incidence in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Mycopathologia. 2008; 166(1):41-5. DOI: 10.1007/s11046-008-9112-5. View

16.

Marcano C, Feo M . [Prototheca zopfii colonizing the nail]. Mycopathologia. 1981; 75(2):89-92. DOI: 10.1007/BF00505783. View

17.

Quindos G, Alonso-Vargas R, Helou S, Arechavala A, Martin-Mazuelos E, Negroni R . [Evaluation of a new chromogenic medium (Candida ID) for the isolation and presumptive identification of Candida albicans and other medically important yeasts]. Rev Iberoam Micol. 2004; 18(1):23-8. View

18.

Huerre M, RAVISSE P, Solomon H, Ave P, Briquelet N, Maurin S . [Human protothecosis and environment]. Bull Soc Pathol Exot. 1993; 86(5 Pt 2):484-8. View

19.

Yamada Y, Suzuki T, Matsuda M, Mikata K . The phylogeny of Yamadazyma ohmeri (Etchells et Bell) Billon-Grand based on the partial sequences of 18S and 26S ribosomal RNAs: the proposal of Kodamaea gen. nov. (Saccharomycetaceae). Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 1995; 59(6):1172-4. DOI: 10.1271/bbb.59.1172. View

20.

Boyd A, Langley M, King Jr L . Cutaneous manifestations of Prototheca infections. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1995; 32(5 Pt 1):758-64. DOI: 10.1016/0190-9622(95)91456-0. View