Prostaglandins and Inflammation

Overview

Journal Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol

Date 2011 Apr 22

PMID 21508345

Citations 1343

Authors

Emanuela Ricciotti

Garret A FitzGerald

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Prostaglandins are lipid autacoids derived from arachidonic acid. They both sustain homeostatic functions and mediate pathogenic mechanisms, including the inflammatory response. They are generated from arachidonate by the action of cyclooxygenase isoenzymes, and their biosynthesis is blocked by nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, including those selective for inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2. Despite the clinical efficacy of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, prostaglandins may function in both the promotion and resolution of inflammation. This review summarizes insights into the mechanisms of prostaglandin generation and the roles of individual mediators and their receptors in modulating the inflammatory response. Prostaglandin biology has potential clinical relevance for atherosclerosis, the response to vascular injury and aortic aneurysm.

Citing Articles

Metabolic regulation and oxidative stress attenuation in LPS-stimulated macrophages by flavonoids.

Duque C, Vizoto N, Nunes G, Peres G, Feiria S, Hofling J Odontology. 2025; .

PMID: 40088309 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-025-01085-6.

Endothelial Homeostasis Under the Influence of Alcohol-Relevance to Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease.

Gusti Y, Liu W, Athar F, Cahill P, Redmond E Nutrients. 2025; 17(5).

PMID: 40077672 PMC: 11901717. DOI: 10.3390/nu17050802.

The Impact of Immunomodulatory Components Used in Clinical Nutrition-A Narrative Review.

Raczynska A, Leszczynska T, Skotnicki P, Koronowicz A Nutrients. 2025; 17(5).

PMID: 40077622 PMC: 11902155. DOI: 10.3390/nu17050752.

Systemic immune inflammation mediates the association of serum omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids with biological aging: a national population-based study.

Shan F, Xiong Y, Pai P, Liu M Aging Clin Exp Res. 2025; 37(1):74.

PMID: 40057623 PMC: 11890405. DOI: 10.1007/s40520-025-02964-2.

Aspirin prevents metastasis by limiting platelet TXA suppression of T cell immunity.

Yang J, Yamashita-Kanemaru Y, Morris B, Contursi A, Trajkovski D, Xu J Nature. 2025; .

PMID: 40044852 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-025-08626-7.

References

Fujitani Y, Kanaoka Y, Aritake K, Uodome N, Urade Y . Pronounced eosinophilic lung inflammation and Th2 cytokine release in human lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase transgenic mice. J Immunol. 2001; 168(1):443-9. DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.168.1.443. View

Libby P, Warner S, FRIEDMAN G . Interleukin 1: a mitogen for human vascular smooth muscle cells that induces the release of growth-inhibitory prostanoids. J Clin Invest. 1988; 81(2):487-98. PMC: 329596. DOI: 10.1172/JCI113346. View

McAdam B, Mardini I, Habib A, Burke A, Lawson J, Kapoor S . Effect of regulated expression of human cyclooxygenase isoforms on eicosanoid and isoeicosanoid production in inflammation. J Clin Invest. 2000; 105(10):1473-82. PMC: 315469. DOI: 10.1172/JCI9523. View

Pierce K, Fujino H, Srinivasan D, Regan J . Activation of FP prostanoid receptor isoforms leads to Rho-mediated changes in cell morphology and in the cell cytoskeleton. J Biol Chem. 1999; 274(50):35944-9. DOI: 10.1074/jbc.274.50.35944. View

Samuelsson B, Granstrom E, Green K, Hamberg M, Hammarstrom S . Prostaglandins. Annu Rev Biochem. 1975; 44:669-95. DOI: 10.1146/annurev.bi.44.070175.003321. View

Hatae N, Sugimoto Y, Ichikawa A . Prostaglandin receptors: advances in the study of EP3 receptor signaling. J Biochem. 2002; 131(6):781-4. DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a003165. View

Emery D, Djokic T, Graf P, Nadel J . Prostaglandin D2 causes accumulation of eosinophils in the lumen of the dog trachea. J Appl Physiol (1985). 1989; 67(3):959-62. DOI: 10.1152/jappl.1989.67.3.959. View

Spik I, Brenuchon C, Angeli V, Staumont D, Fleury S, Capron M . Activation of the prostaglandin D2 receptor DP2/CRTH2 increases allergic inflammation in mouse. J Immunol. 2005; 174(6):3703-8. DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.174.6.3703. View

Kabashima K, Narumiya S . The DP receptor, allergic inflammation and asthma. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 2003; 69(2-3):187-94. DOI: 10.1016/s0952-3278(03)00080-2. View

10.

Wu K, Liou J . Cellular and molecular biology of prostacyclin synthase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2005; 338(1):45-52. DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.08.021. View

11.

Jania L, Chandrasekharan S, Backlund M, Foley N, Snouwaert J, Wang I . Microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-2 is not essential for in vivo prostaglandin E2 biosynthesis. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat. 2008; 88(3-4):73-81. PMC: 3182462. DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2008.10.003. View

12.

Dinchuk J, Car B, Focht R, Johnston J, Jaffee B, Covington M . Renal abnormalities and an altered inflammatory response in mice lacking cyclooxygenase II. Nature. 1995; 378(6555):406-9. DOI: 10.1038/378406a0. View

13.

Miyata A, Hara S, Yokoyama C, Inoue H, Ullrich V, Tanabe T . Molecular cloning and expression of human prostacyclin synthase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1994; 200(3):1728-34. DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1994.1652. View

14.

Bell-Parikh L, Ide T, Lawson J, McNamara P, Reilly M, FitzGerald G . Biosynthesis of 15-deoxy-delta12,14-PGJ2 and the ligation of PPARgamma. J Clin Invest. 2003; 112(6):945-55. PMC: 193665. DOI: 10.1172/JCI18012. View

15.

Basu S . Novel cyclooxygenase-catalyzed bioactive prostaglandin F2alpha from physiology to new principles in inflammation. Med Res Rev. 2006; 27(4):435-68. DOI: 10.1002/med.20098. View

16.

Tsuri T, Honma T, Hiramatsu Y, Okada T, Hashizume H, MITSUMORI S . Bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane and 6,6-dimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]heptane derivatives: orally active, potent, and selective prostaglandin D2 receptor antagonists. J Med Chem. 1997; 40(22):3504-7. DOI: 10.1021/jm970343g. View

17.

Higgs G, Moncada S, Salmon J, Seager K . The source of thromboxane and prostaglandins in experimental inflammation. Br J Pharmacol. 1983; 79(4):863-8. PMC: 2044931. DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1983.tb10530.x. View

18.

Jovanovic N, Pavlovic M, Mircevski V, Du Q, Jovanovic A . An unexpected negative inotropic effect of prostaglandin F2alpha in the rat heart. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat. 2006; 80(1-2):110-9. DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2006.05.014. View

19.

Smith W, Dewitt D, Allen M . Bimodal distribution of the prostaglandin I2 synthase antigen in smooth muscle cells. J Biol Chem. 1983; 258(9):5922-6. View

20.

Jowsey I, Thomson A, Flanagan J, Murdock P, Moore G, Meyer D . Mammalian class Sigma glutathione S-transferases: catalytic properties and tissue-specific expression of human and rat GSH-dependent prostaglandin D2 synthases. Biochem J. 2001; 359(Pt 3):507-16. PMC: 1222171. DOI: 10.1042/0264-6021:3590507. View