» Articles » PMID: 21460825

Nanoscale Joule Heating, Peltier Cooling and Current Crowding at Graphene-metal Contacts

Overview
Journal Nat Nanotechnol
Specialty Biotechnology
Date 2011 Apr 5
PMID 21460825
Citations 36
Authors
Affiliations
Soon will be listed here.
Abstract

The performance and scaling of graphene-based electronics is limited by the quality of contacts between the graphene and metal electrodes. However, the nature of graphene-metal contacts remains incompletely understood. Here, we use atomic force microscopy to measure the temperature distributions at the contacts of working graphene transistors with a spatial resolution of ~ 10 nm (refs 5-8), allowing us to identify the presence of Joule heating, current crowding and thermoelectric heating and cooling. Comparison with simulation enables extraction of the contact resistivity (150-200 Ω µm²) and transfer length (0.2-0.5 µm) in our devices; these generally limit performance and must be minimized. Our data indicate that thermoelectric effects account for up to one-third of the contact temperature changes, and that current crowding accounts for most of the remainder. Modelling predicts that the role of current crowding will diminish and the role of thermoelectric effects will increase as contacts improve.

Citing Articles

Highly Efficient, Electro-thermal Heater Based on Marangoni-Driven, Oriented Reduced Graphene Oxide/Poly(ether imide) Nanolaminates.

Pavlou C, Koutroumanis N, Manikas A, Pastore Carbone M, Paterakis G, Galiotis C ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2024; 17(1):2000-2009.

PMID: 39730317 PMC: 11783541. DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c17273.


Implementation of Rapid Nucleic Acid Amplification Based on the Super Large Thermoelectric Cooler Rapid Temperature Rise and Fall Heating Module.

Cheng J, Zhang E, Sun R, Zhang K, Zhang F, Zhao J Biosensors (Basel). 2024; 14(8).

PMID: 39194608 PMC: 11352655. DOI: 10.3390/bios14080379.


Optimization of Thermoelectric Nanoantenna for Massive High-Output-Voltage Arrays.

Anam M, Yudhistira Y, Choi S Nanomaterials (Basel). 2024; 14(13).

PMID: 38998764 PMC: 11243151. DOI: 10.3390/nano14131159.


Demonstration and imaging of cryogenic magneto-thermoelectric cooling in a van der Waals semimetal.

Volkl T, Aharon-Steinberg A, Holder T, Alpern E, Banu N, Pariari A Nat Phys. 2024; 20(6):976-983.

PMID: 38882521 PMC: 11178502. DOI: 10.1038/s41567-024-02417-z.


Lateral Heterostructure Formed by Highly Thermally Conductive Fluorinated Graphene for Efficient Device Thermal Management.

Wang F, Liu Z, Li J, Huang J, Fang L, Wang X Adv Sci (Weinh). 2024; 11(25):e2401586.

PMID: 38666496 PMC: 11220650. DOI: 10.1002/advs.202401586.


References
1.
Bae M, Ong Z, Estrada D, Pop E . Imaging, simulation, and electrostatic control of power dissipation in graphene devices. Nano Lett. 2010; 10(12):4787-93. DOI: 10.1021/nl1011596. View

2.
Koh Y, Bae M, Cahill D, Pop E . Reliably counting atomic planes of few-layer graphene (n > 4). ACS Nano. 2010; 5(1):269-74. DOI: 10.1021/nn102658a. View

3.
Wei P, Bao W, Pu Y, Lau C, Shi J . Anomalous thermoelectric transport of Dirac particles in graphene. Phys Rev Lett. 2009; 102(16):166808. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.166808. View

4.
Schwierz F . Graphene transistors. Nat Nanotechnol. 2010; 5(7):487-96. DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2010.89. View

5.
Xu X, Gabor N, Alden J, van der Zande A, McEuen P . Photo-thermoelectric effect at a graphene interface junction. Nano Lett. 2009; 10(2):562-6. DOI: 10.1021/nl903451y. View