Early Recurrence and Death After Esophagectomy in Patients with Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Background: The aim of this retrospective study is to analyze recurrence and death within 1 year after esophagectomy in patients with esophageal carcinoma.

Methods: The records of 533 consecutive patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma who underwent surgery from January 2002 to January 2005 were reviewed. Patients who died of recurrence within 1 year after operation (group A) were compared with patients who survived more than 5 years without any recurrence (group B). Their clinicopathologic characteristics were evaluated by univariate and multivariate analyses.

Results: The overall 1-year and 5-year survival rates for the entire cohort were 76.1% and 32.3%, respectively, with the follow-up rate of 93.4%. Of the 119 patients who died within 1 year after the esophagectomy, local recurrence or distant metastasis or both were documented in 62 patients (52.1%). The radicality of resection, size of tumor, radicality of resection, grade of differentiation, depth of invasion, status of lymph node metastasis, number of lymph node metastases, and marginal status were shown by univariate analysis to be the significant prognostic factors. By multivariate analysis, they were also the independent prognostic factors, except for the size of tumor and the radicality of resection.

Conclusions: More than half of early death in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients after esophagectomy were still tumor recurrence related, especially hematogeneous spreading. The grade of differentiation, depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis, number of lymph node metastases, and marginal status are valuable prognostic factors in predicting early death.