Multiple Sclerosis: Are Protective Immune Mechanisms Compromised by a Complex Infectious Background?

Overview

Journal Autoimmune Dis

Publisher Wiley

Date 2011 Jan 4

PMID 21197482

Citations 10

Authors

Bernd Krone

John M Grange

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

The immunological background of multiple sclerosis (MS) manifests as an altered reactivity against a diverse range of infections, particularly with the Epstein-Barr virus. Although this could be only an epiphenomenon of a more generalised dysfunction of the immune system in MS, it is also possible that a complex infectious background forms the basis of a specific immune dysregulation finally causing the disease. It is thus suggested that the complex infectious background bears the key for an understanding of the immune pathogenesis of the disease. It appears probable that improved standards of hygiene cause regulatory defects in the immune system, allowing the abnormal expression of human endogenous retroviral (HERV) genes. On the basis of epidemiological observations we describe how a failure of expansion or an eclipse of a subfraction of self-antigen-specific CD8(+) T cells mediating immune repair, and a deleterious mode of action of HERV gene products, could underlie the pathogenesis of MS.

Citing Articles

Analysis of Expression in Multiple Sclerosis Patients.

Sohan Forooshan Moghadam A, Ataei M, Arabzadeh G, Falahati K, Roshani F, Sanati M Rep Biochem Mol Biol. 2020; 8(4):429-437.

PMID: 32582802 PMC: 7275836.

Type W Human Endogenous Retrovirus (HERV-W) Integrations and Their Mobilization by L1 Machinery: Contribution to the Human Transcriptome and Impact on the Host Physiopathology.

Grandi N, Tramontano E Viruses. 2017; 9(7).

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The biography of the immune system and the control of cancer: from St Peregrine to contemporary vaccination strategies.

Krone B, Kolmel K, Grange J BMC Cancer. 2014; 14:595.

PMID: 25128300 PMC: 4141110. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-595.

Role of pathogens in multiple sclerosis.

Libbey J, Cusick M, Fujinami R Int Rev Immunol. 2013; 33(4):266-83.

PMID: 24266364 PMC: 4369909. DOI: 10.3109/08830185.2013.823422.

Evaluation of reactive Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) in Iranian patient with different subtypes of multiple sclerosis (MS).

Ramroodi N, Niazi A, Sanadgol N, Ganjali Z, Sarabandi V Braz J Infect Dis. 2013; 17(2):156-63.

PMID: 23465600 PMC: 9427419. DOI: 10.1016/j.bjid.2012.09.008.

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