Orientation of Genes in the Bacillus Subtilis Chromosome

Overview

Journal Genetics

Publisher Oxford University Press

Specialty Genetics

Date 1990 Aug 1

PMID 2118869

Citations 19

Authors

D R Zeigler

D H Dean

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

The orientation of 96 genes on the Bacillus subtilis chromosome was deduced by the analysis of published data. Of these genes, 91 were found to be oriented so that their promoters were proximal to the chromosomal replication origin and their transcription termini to the replication terminus. Transcription of these genes would therefore be co-directional with replication. This chromosomal organization is consistent with the hypothesis advanced for Escherichia coli that bacteria avoid head-on collisions between RNA polymerase and DNA replication proteins by the appropriate orientation of their transcription units.

Citing Articles

Spatial Patterns of Gene Expression in Bacterial Genomes.

Lato D, Golding G J Mol Evol. 2020; 88(6):510-520.

PMID: 32506154 PMC: 7324424. DOI: 10.1007/s00239-020-09951-3.

Optimized expression and enhanced production of alkaline protease by genetically modified Bacillus licheniformis 2709.

Zhou C, Zhou H, Li D, Zhang H, Wang H, Lu F Microb Cell Fact. 2020; 19(1):45.

PMID: 32093734 PMC: 7041084. DOI: 10.1186/s12934-020-01307-2.

Co-orientation of replication and transcription preserves genome integrity.

Srivatsan A, Tehranchi A, MacAlpine D, Wang J PLoS Genet. 2010; 6(1):e1000810.

PMID: 20090829 PMC: 2797598. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1000810.

Strand compositional asymmetries in vertebrate large genes.

Wang H, Hou W, Niu D Mol Biol Rep. 2007; 35(2):163-9.

PMID: 17420956 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-007-9066-6.

Genome-wide coorientation of replication and transcription reduces adverse effects on replication in Bacillus subtilis.

Wang J, Berkmen M, Grossman A Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007; 104(13):5608-13.

PMID: 17372224 PMC: 1838449. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0608999104.

References

Errington J, MANDELSTAM J . Use of a lacZ gene fusion to determine the dependence pattern and the spore compartment expression of sporulation operon spoVA in spo mutants of Bacillus subtilis. J Gen Microbiol. 1986; 132(11):2977-85. DOI: 10.1099/00221287-132-11-2977. View

Woese C . Bacterial evolution. Microbiol Rev. 1987; 51(2):221-71. PMC: 373105. DOI: 10.1128/mr.51.2.221-271.1987. View

Bugaichuk U . Studies of transcriptional regulation of the Bacillus subtilis developmental gene spoVE. J Gen Microbiol. 1987; 133(9):2349-57. DOI: 10.1099/00221287-133-9-2349. View

Brewer B . When polymerases collide: replication and the transcriptional organization of the E. coli chromosome. Cell. 1988; 53(5):679-86. DOI: 10.1016/0092-8674(88)90086-4. View

Iwakura M, Kawata M, Tsuda K, Tanaka T . Nucleotide sequence of the thymidylate synthase B and dihydrofolate reductase genes contained in one Bacillus subtilis operon. Gene. 1988; 64(1):9-20. DOI: 10.1016/0378-1119(88)90476-3. View

Beall B, Lowe M, Lutkenhaus J . Cloning and characterization of Bacillus subtilis homologs of Escherichia coli cell division genes ftsZ and ftsA. J Bacteriol. 1988; 170(10):4855-64. PMC: 211530. DOI: 10.1128/jb.170.10.4855-4864.1988. View

Wu J, Howard M, Piggot P . Regulation of transcription of the Bacillus subtilis spoIIA locus. J Bacteriol. 1989; 171(2):692-8. PMC: 209652. DOI: 10.1128/jb.171.2.692-698.1989. View

Ebbole D, ZALKIN H . Bacillus subtilis pur operon expression and regulation. J Bacteriol. 1989; 171(4):2136-41. PMC: 209868. DOI: 10.1128/jb.171.4.2136-2141.1989. View

Boylan S, Suh J, Thomas S, PRICE C . Gene encoding the alpha core subunit of Bacillus subtilis RNA polymerase is cotranscribed with the genes for initiation factor 1 and ribosomal proteins B, S13, S11, and L17. J Bacteriol. 1989; 171(5):2553-62. PMC: 209934. DOI: 10.1128/jb.171.5.2553-2562.1989. View

10.

Song B, NEUHARD J . Chromosomal location, cloning and nucleotide sequence of the Bacillus subtilis cdd gene encoding cytidine/deoxycytidine deaminase. Mol Gen Genet. 1989; 216(2-3):462-8. DOI: 10.1007/BF00334391. View

11.

Henkin T, Moon S, Mattheakis L, Nomura M . Cloning and analysis of the spc ribosomal protein operon of Bacillus subtilis: comparison with the spc operon of Escherichia coli. Nucleic Acids Res. 1989; 17(18):7469-86. PMC: 334824. DOI: 10.1093/nar/17.18.7469. View

12.

Chen N, Zhang J, Paulus H . Chromosomal location of the Bacillus subtilis aspartokinase II gene and nucleotide sequence of the adjacent genes homologous to uvrC and trx of Escherichia coli. J Gen Microbiol. 1989; 135(11):2931-40. DOI: 10.1099/00221287-135-11-2931. View

13.

Callister H, Wake R . Completed chromosomes in thymine-requiring Bacillus subtilis spores. J Bacteriol. 1974; 120(2):579-82. PMC: 245814. DOI: 10.1128/jb.120.2.579-582.1974. View

14.

Callister H, Wake R . Homogeneity in Bacillus subtilis spore DNA content. J Mol Biol. 1976; 102(2):367-71. DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2836(76)80060-5. View

15.

Riley M, Anilionis A . Evolution of the bacterial genome. Annu Rev Microbiol. 1978; 32:519-60. DOI: 10.1146/annurev.mi.32.100178.002511. View

16.

Nomura S, Yamane K, Sasaki T, Yamasaki M, Tamura G, Maruo B . Tunicamycin-resistant mutants and chromosomal locations of mutational sites in Bacillus subtilis. J Bacteriol. 1978; 136(2):818-21. PMC: 218613. DOI: 10.1128/jb.136.2.818-821.1978. View

17.

Sargent M . Chromosome replication in sporulating cells of Bacillus subtilis. J Bacteriol. 1980; 142(2):491-8. PMC: 294010. DOI: 10.1128/jb.142.2.491-498.1980. View

18.

Fox G, Stackebrandt E, Hespell R, Gibson J, Maniloff J, Dyer T . The phylogeny of prokaryotes. Science. 1980; 209(4455):457-63. DOI: 10.1126/science.6771870. View

19.

Loughney K, Lund E, Dahlberg J . tRNA genes are found between 16S and 23S rRNA genes in Bacillus subtilis. Nucleic Acids Res. 1982; 10(5):1607-24. PMC: 320553. DOI: 10.1093/nar/10.5.1607. View

20.

MACKEY C, Zahler S . Insertion of bacteriophage SP beta into the citF gene of Bacillus subtilis and specialized transduction of the ilvBC-leu genes. J Bacteriol. 1982; 151(3):1222-9. PMC: 220399. DOI: 10.1128/jb.151.3.1222-1229.1982. View