Apolipophorin-III Mediates Antiplasmodial Epithelial Responses in Anopheles Gambiae (G3) Mosquitoes

Overview

Journal PLoS One

Specialties General Medicine
Science

Date 2010 Nov 13

PMID 21072214

Citations 20

Authors

Lalita Gupta

Ju Young Noh

Yong Hun Jo

Seung Han Oh

Sanjeev Kumar

Mi Young Noh

Yong Seok Lee

Sung-Jae Cha

Sook Jae Seo

Iksoo Kim

Yeon Soo Han

Carolina Barillas-Mury

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background: Apolipophorin-III (ApoLp-III) is known to play an important role in lipid transport and innate immunity in lepidopteran insects. However, there is no evidence of involvement of ApoLp-IIIs in the immune responses of dipteran insects such as Drosophila and mosquitoes.

Methodology/principal Findings: We report the molecular and functional characterization of An. gambiae apolipophorin-III (AgApoLp-III). Mosquito ApoLp-IIIs have diverged extensively from those of lepidopteran insects; however, the predicted tertiary structure of AgApoLp-III is similar to that of Manduca sexta (tobacco hornworm). We found that AgApoLp-III mRNA expression is strongly induced in the midgut of An. gambiae (G3 strain) mosquitoes in response to Plasmodium berghei infection. Furthermore, immunofluorescence stainings revealed that high levels of AgApoLp-III protein accumulate in the cytoplasm of Plasmodium-invaded cells and AgApoLp-III silencing increases the intensity of P. berghei infection by five fold.

Conclusion: There are broad differences in the midgut epithelial responses to Plasmodium invasion between An. gambiae strains. In the G3 strain of An. gambiae AgApoLp-III participates in midgut epithelial defense responses that limit Plasmodium infection.

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