Friedreich's Ataxia Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Model Intergenerational GAA⋅TTC Triplet Repeat Instability

Overview

Journal Cell Stem Cell

Publisher Cell Press

Specialty Cell Biology

Date 2010 Nov 3

PMID 21040903

Citations 122

Authors

Sherman Ku

Elisabetta Soragni

Erica Campau

Elizabeth A Thomas

Gulsah Altun

Louise C Laurent

Jeanne F Loring

Marek Napierala

Joel M Gottesfeld

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

The inherited neurodegenerative disease Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA) is caused by GAA⋅TTC triplet repeat hyperexpansions within the first intron of the FXN gene, encoding the mitochondrial protein frataxin. Long GAA⋅TTC repeats cause heterochromatin-mediated gene silencing and loss of frataxin in affected individuals. We report the derivation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from FRDA patient fibroblasts by transcription factor reprogramming. FXN gene repression is maintained in the iPSCs, as are the global gene expression signatures reflecting the human disease. GAA⋅TTC repeats uniquely in FXN in the iPSCs exhibit repeat instability similar to patient families, where they expand and/or contract with discrete changes in length between generations. The mismatch repair enzyme MSH2, implicated in repeat instability in other triplet repeat diseases, is highly expressed in pluripotent cells and occupies FXN intron 1, and shRNA silencing of MSH2 impedes repeat expansion, providing a possible molecular explanation for repeat expansion in FRDA.

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