Cell Cholesterol Homeostasis: Mediation by Active Cholesterol

Overview

Journal Trends Cell Biol

Specialty Cell Biology

Date 2010 Sep 17

PMID 20843692

Citations 61

Authors

Theodore L Steck

Yvonne Lange

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Recent evidence suggests that the major pathways mediating cell cholesterol homeostasis respond to a common signal: active membrane cholesterol. Active cholesterol is the fraction that exceeds the complexing capacity of the polar bilayer lipids. Increments in plasma membrane cholesterol exceeding this threshold have an elevated chemical activity (escape tendency) and redistribute via diverse transport proteins to both circulating plasma lipoproteins and intracellular organelles. Active cholesterol thereby prompts several feedback responses. It is the substrate for its own esterification and for the synthesis of regulatory side-chain oxysterols. It also stimulates manifold pathways that down-regulate the biosynthesis, curtail the ingestion and increase the export of cholesterol. Thus, the abundance of cell cholesterol is tightly coupled to that of its polar lipid partners through active cholesterol.

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