Cortical Reactivity and Effective Connectivity During REM Sleep in Humans

Overview

Journal Cogn Neurosci

Specialty Neurology

Date 2010 Sep 9

PMID 20823938

Citations 63

Authors

M Massimini

F Ferrarelli

Mj Murphy

R Huber

Ba Riedner

S Casarotto

G Tononi

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

We recorded the electroencephalographic (EEG) responses evoked by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) during the first rapid eye movement (REM) sleep episode of the night and we compared them with the responses obtained during previous wakefulness and NREM sleep. Confirming previous findings, upon falling into NREM sleep, cortical activations became more local and stereotypical, indicating a significant impairment of the intracortical dialogue. During REM sleep, a state in which subjects regain consciousness but are almost paralyzed, TMS triggered more widespread and differentiated patterns of cortical activation, that were similar to the ones observed in wakefulness. Similarly, TMS/hd-EEG may be used to probe the internal dialogue of the thalamocortical system in brain injured patients that are unable to move and communicate.

Citing Articles

EEG brain networks modulation during sleep onset: the effects of aging.

Miraglia F, Cacciotti A, Vecchio F, Scarpelli S, Gorgoni M, De Gennaro L Geroscience. 2024; .

PMID: 39714568 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-024-01473-w.

The experimental study of consciousness: Is psychology travelling back to the future?.

Goncalves O, Sayal J, Lisboa F, Palhares P Int J Clin Health Psychol. 2024; 24(3):100475.

PMID: 39021679 PMC: 11253270. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijchp.2024.100475.

Behavioral and cortical arousal from sleep, muscimol-induced coma, and anesthesia by direct optogenetic stimulation of cortical neurons.

Mao R, Cavelli M, Findlay G, Driessen K, Peterson M, Marshall W iScience. 2024; 27(6):109919.

PMID: 38812551 PMC: 11134913. DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109919.

Consciousness and sleep.

Tononi G, Boly M, Cirelli C Neuron. 2024; 112(10):1568-1594.

PMID: 38697113 PMC: 11105109. DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2024.04.011.

Consciousness and complexity: a consilience of evidence.

Sarasso S, Casali A, Casarotto S, Rosanova M, Sinigaglia C, Massimini M Neurosci Conscious. 2024; 2021(2):niab023.

PMID: 38496724 PMC: 10941977. DOI: 10.1093/nc/niab023.

References

Tononi G, Massimini M . Why does consciousness fade in early sleep?. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2008; 1129:330-4. DOI: 10.1196/annals.1417.024. View

Antrobus J . REM and NREM sleep reports: comparison of word frequencies by cognitive classes. Psychophysiology. 1983; 20(5):562-8. DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8986.1983.tb03015.x. View

Dijk D, Czeisler C . Contribution of the circadian pacemaker and the sleep homeostat to sleep propensity, sleep structure, electroencephalographic slow waves, and sleep spindle activity in humans. J Neurosci. 1995; 15(5 Pt 1):3526-38. PMC: 6578184. View

Massimini M, Boly M, Casali A, Rosanova M, Tononi G . A perturbational approach for evaluating the brain's capacity for consciousness. Prog Brain Res. 2009; 177:201-14. DOI: 10.1016/S0079-6123(09)17714-2. View

Tononi G . An information integration theory of consciousness. BMC Neurosci. 2004; 5:42. PMC: 543470. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2202-5-42. View

Wesensten N, Badia P . The P300 component in sleep. Physiol Behav. 1988; 44(2):215-20. DOI: 10.1016/0031-9384(88)90141-2. View

Esser S, Hill S, Tononi G . Breakdown of effective connectivity during slow wave sleep: investigating the mechanism underlying a cortical gate using large-scale modeling. J Neurophysiol. 2009; 102(4):2096-111. PMC: 2776997. DOI: 10.1152/jn.00059.2009. View

Pivik T, Foulkes D . NREM mentation: relation to personality, orientation time, and time of night. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1968; 32(2):144-151. DOI: 10.1037/h0025489. View

Hobson J, Pace-Schott E . The cognitive neuroscience of sleep: neuronal systems, consciousness and learning. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2002; 3(9):679-93. DOI: 10.1038/nrn915. View

10.

Timofeev I, Grenier F, Steriade M . Disfacilitation and active inhibition in the neocortex during the natural sleep-wake cycle: an intracellular study. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001; 98(4):1924-9. PMC: 29358. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.98.4.1924. View

11.

Hamalainen M, Ilmoniemi R . Interpreting magnetic fields of the brain: minimum norm estimates. Med Biol Eng Comput. 1994; 32(1):35-42. DOI: 10.1007/BF02512476. View

12.

Maquet P, Ruby P, Maudoux A, Albouy G, Sterpenich V, Dang-Vu T . Human cognition during REM sleep and the activity profile within frontal and parietal cortices: a reappraisal of functional neuroimaging data. Prog Brain Res. 2005; 150:219-27. DOI: 10.1016/S0079-6123(05)50016-5. View

13.

Massimini M, Tononi G, Huber R . Slow waves, synaptic plasticity and information processing: insights from transcranial magnetic stimulation and high-density EEG experiments. Eur J Neurosci. 2009; 29(9):1761-70. PMC: 2776746. DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2009.06720.x. View

14.

Steriade M, Timofeev I, Grenier F . Natural waking and sleep states: a view from inside neocortical neurons. J Neurophysiol. 2001; 85(5):1969-85. DOI: 10.1152/jn.2001.85.5.1969. View

15.

Virtanen J, Ruohonen J, Naatanen R, Ilmoniemi R . Instrumentation for the measurement of electric brain responses to transcranial magnetic stimulation. Med Biol Eng Comput. 1999; 37(3):322-6. DOI: 10.1007/BF02513307. View

16.

Goff W, Allison T, Shapiro A, ROSNER B . Cerebral somatosensory responses evoked during sleep in man. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol. 1966; 21(1):1-9. DOI: 10.1016/0013-4694(66)90053-8. View

17.

Massimini M, Ferrarelli F, Esser S, Riedner B, Huber R, Murphy M . Triggering sleep slow waves by transcranial magnetic stimulation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007; 104(20):8496-501. PMC: 1895978. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0702495104. View

18.

Casagrande M, Violani C, Lucidi F, Buttinelli E, Bertini M . Variations in sleep mentation as a function of time of night. Int J Neurosci. 1996; 85(1-2):19-30. DOI: 10.3109/00207459608986348. View

19.

Tononi G . Consciousness as integrated information: a provisional manifesto. Biol Bull. 2008; 215(3):216-42. DOI: 10.2307/25470707. View

20.

Steriade M . Acetylcholine systems and rhythmic activities during the waking--sleep cycle. Prog Brain Res. 2003; 145:179-96. DOI: 10.1016/S0079-6123(03)45013-9. View