The Association Between Anthropometric Parameters, the Metabolic Syndrome and Microalbuminuria in Black Africans: the SABPA Study

Overview

Journal Cardiovasc J Afr

Specialty Cardiology & Vascular Diseases

Date 2010 Jun 10

PMID 20532453

Citations 8

Authors

S Hoebel

J H de Ridder

L Malan

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

We aimed to determine which surface anthropometric and metabolic syndrome (MS) markers could be associated with the development of microalbuminuria (MA), and assessed 200 urban Africans (25-60 years) stratified into low (< or = 0.90 and < or = 0.85) and high ( > 0.90 and > 0.85) waist-tohip ratio (WHR) groups from the North-West province. Anthropometric and fasting MS markers, such as systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP), and glucose, triglyceride (TG) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels, as well as MA markers were measured. Males revealed higher lifestyle risk factors (body mass index, smoking, alcohol consumption, low physical activity), anthropometric and MS markers compared to the females. The same overall trend was seen for high-WHR males but not for high-WHR females compared to their low-WHR counterparts. Both high-WHR groups revealed increased glucose values (males, 6.34 mmol/l; females, 6.13 mmol/l). Multiple linear regression analysis, independent of confounders, showed positive associations between diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (high WHR and all males), TG, waist circumference (WC) and development of MA in all males. In high-WHR females, positive associations existed only between WC and the development of MA, while neck circumference (NC) was associated with MA development in all females. To conclude, vascular BP, TG and WC were associated with risk of renal impairment in males, while in females, NC and WC circumferences were associated with this risk.

Citing Articles

Correlation analysis of anthropometric indices and type 2 diabetes mellitus in residents aged 60 years and older.

Feng X, Wang J, Wang S, Wu S, Wang Z, Wei Y Front Public Health. 2023; 11:1122509.

PMID: 37064684 PMC: 10095560. DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1122509.

Association Between Neck Circumference and Microalbuminuria in Community Residents.

Jian C, Xu Y, Shen Y, Wang Y, Ma X, Bao Y Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. 2021; 14:2407-2414.

PMID: 34093027 PMC: 8169818. DOI: 10.2147/DMSO.S313202.

APOL1 G1 genotype modifies the association between HDLC and kidney function in African Americans.

Bentley A, Divers J, Shriner D, Doumatey A, Gutierrez O, Adeyemo A BMC Genomics. 2015; 16:421.

PMID: 26025194 PMC: 4448293. DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-1645-7.

The relationship between metabolic syndrome and target organ damage in Ghanaian with stage-2 hypertension.

Bello-Rodriguez B, Sanchez-Cruz G, Delgado-Bustillo F, Asiama G Ghana Med J. 2014; 47(4):189-96.

PMID: 24669025 PMC: 3961852.

Variation in APOL1 Contributes to Ancestry-Level Differences in HDLc-Kidney Function Association.

Bentley A, Doumatey A, Chen G, Huang H, Zhou J, Shriner D Int J Nephrol. 2012; 2012:748984.

PMID: 22973513 PMC: 3438781. DOI: 10.1155/2012/748984.

References

Wild S, Roglic G, Green A, Sicree R, King H . Global prevalence of diabetes: estimates for the year 2000 and projections for 2030. Diabetes Care. 2004; 27(5):1047-53. DOI: 10.2337/diacare.27.5.1047. View

Seedat Y . Perspectives on research in hypertension. Cardiovasc J Afr. 2009; 20(1):39-42. PMC: 4200561. View

Tseng C . Waist-to-height ratio is independently and better associated with urinary albumin excretion rate than waist circumference or waist-to-hip ratio in chinese adult type 2 diabetic women but not men. Diabetes Care. 2005; 28(9):2249-51. DOI: 10.2337/diacare.28.9.2249. View

Cederholm J, Eliasson B, Nilsson P, WEISS L, Gudbjornsdottir S . Microalbuminuria and risk factors in type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2005; 67(3):258-66. DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2004.07.021. View

. Diagnosis, management and prevention of the common dyslipidaemias in South Africa--clinical guideline, 2000. South African Medical Association and Lipid and Atherosclerosis Society of Southern Africa Working Group. S Afr Med J. 2000; 90(2 Pt 2):164-74, 176-8. View

Conway J, Yanovski S, Avila N, Hubbard V . Visceral adipose tissue differences in black and white women. Am J Clin Nutr. 1995; 61(4):765-71. DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/61.4.765. View

Berber A, Fanghanel G, Sanchez-Reyes L . Anthropometric indexes in the prediction of type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension and dyslipidaemia in a Mexican population. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2002; 25(12):1794-9. DOI: 10.1038/sj.ijo.0801827. View

Laakso M, Matilainen V, Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi S . Association of neck circumference with insulin resistance-related factors. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2002; 26(6):873-5. DOI: 10.1038/sj.ijo.0802002. View

Verrij E, van Montfrans G, Bos W, Bos J . Reintroduction of Riva-Rocci measurements to determine systolic blood pressure?. Neth J Med. 2008; 66(11):480-2. View

10.

Kruger H, Venter C, Vorster H, Margetts B . Physical inactivity is the major determinant of obesity in black women in the North West Province, South Africa: the THUSA study. Transition and Health During Urbanisation of South Africa. Nutrition. 2002; 18(5):422-7. DOI: 10.1016/s0899-9007(01)00751-1. View

11.

Grundy S, Cleeman J, Daniels S, Donato K, Eckel R, Franklin B . Diagnosis and management of the metabolic syndrome: an American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Scientific Statement. Circulation. 2005; 112(17):2735-52. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.169404. View

12.

Bradshaw D, Norman R, Pieterse D, Levitt N . Estimating the burden of disease attributable to diabetes in South Africa in 2000. S Afr Med J. 2007; 97(8 Pt 2):700-6. View

13.

Barrett-Connor E . Sex differences in the association of endogenous sex hormone levels and glucose tolerance status in older men and women. Diabetes Care. 2000; 23(7):912-8. DOI: 10.2337/diacare.23.7.912. View

14.

Malan L, Malan N, Wissing M, Seedat Y . Coping with urbanization: a cardiometabolic risk? The THUSA study. Biol Psychol. 2008; 79(3):323-8. DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2008.07.007. View

15.

Croft J, Keenan N, Sheridan D, WHEELER F, Speers M . Waist-to-hip ratio in a biracial population: measurement, implications, and cautions for using guidelines to define high risk for cardiovascular disease. J Am Diet Assoc. 1995; 95(1):60-4. DOI: 10.1016/S0002-8223(95)00014-3. View

16.

Tobe S, McFarlane P, Naimark D . Microalbuminuria in diabetes mellitus. CMAJ. 2002; 167(5):499-503. PMC: 121969. View

17.

Mutatkar R . Public health problems of urbanization. Soc Sci Med. 1995; 41(7):977-81. DOI: 10.1016/0277-9536(94)00398-d. View

18.

Meltzer S, LEITER L, Daneman D, Gerstein H, Lau D, Ludwig S . 1998 clinical practice guidelines for the management of diabetes in Canada. Canadian Diabetes Association. CMAJ. 1998; 159 Suppl 8:S1-29. PMC: 1255890. View

19.

Bjorntorp P . Do stress reactions cause abdominal obesity and comorbidities?. Obes Rev. 2002; 2(2):73-86. DOI: 10.1046/j.1467-789x.2001.00027.x. View

20.

Ben-Noun L, SOHAR E, Laor A . Neck circumference as a simple screening measure for identifying overweight and obese patients. Obes Res. 2001; 9(8):470-7. DOI: 10.1038/oby.2001.61. View