Non-atheromatous Arterial Stenoses in Atypical Haemolytic Uraemic Syndrome Associated with Complement Dysregulation

Background: A child, who presented atypical haemolytic uraemic syndrome (aHUS) at the age of 1 month, developed cerebral ischaemic events at the age of 10 years.

Results: Stenoses of both carotid arteries, left subclavian and vertebral arteries, several intracranial, right humeral, several coronary, and all pulmonary arteries were demonstrated. At the age of 13 years, left subclavian and right cervical carotid arteries were occluded. Right carotid recanalization induced intracranial dissection and death. The child had a Lys350Asp factor B mutation.

Conclusion: Arterial steno-occlusive lesions appear as potential complications of dysregulated complement activation in aHUS. Endovascular treatment should be considered cautiously in this setting.