Regulation of Adult Bone Turnover by Sex Steroids

Overview

Journal J Cell Physiol

Specialties Cell Biology
Physiology

Date 2010 May 1

PMID 20432458

Citations 60

Authors

Baruch Frenkel

Albert Hong

Sanjeev K Baniwal

Gerhard A Coetzee

Claes Ohlsson

Omar Khalid

Yankel Gabet

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Recent reports reveal increasing complexity of mechanisms underlying the bone sparing effects of sex steroids. This review focuses on mechanisms by which sex steroids attenuate endocortical and trabecular adult bone turnover, perhaps their most important property as bone mass regulators. Clearly, estrogen withdrawal increases osteoclast number and bone resorption; however, important open questions are the extent to which osteoblasts and their precursors are involved, and the relative contributions of the RANK/RANKL/OPG system, Fas ligand and Runx2. In addition to reviewing these aspects of estrogen action, we also discuss proskeletal effects of androgens on the adult male skeleton, including aromatization to estrogens and male-specific mechanisms. Detailed understanding of skeletal site- and gender-dependent mechanisms by which sex steroids protect the adult skeleton will provide the foundation for improved risk assessment, prevention and management of osteoporosis.

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