Prevalence and Diagnosis of Molar-Incisor- Hypomineralisation (MIH): A Systematic Review

Overview

Journal Eur Arch Paediatr Dent

Publisher Springer

Specialties Dentistry
Pediatrics

Date 2010 Apr 21

PMID 20403299

Citations 105

Authors

B Jalevik

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Aim: This was to review the literature published, to point out shortcomings and to suggest areas in need of improvement concerning the diagnosis and prevalence of MIH.

Methods: A broad search of the PubMed database was conducted. Relevant papers published in English were identified after a review of their titles, abstracts or full reading of the papers. Papers were selected if the number of children with at least one first permanent molar affected by demarcated opacities could be deciphered. Targeted publications were critically assessed by the author concerning examination criteria, selection and character of the study groups, examiners' calibration and result presentation.

Results: The initial search revealed 414 papers of which 24 met the inclusion criteria. A wide variation in defect prevalence (2.4 - 40.2 %) was reported. Cross comparison of the results of the various studies were difficult because of use of different indices and criteria, examination variability, methods of recording and different age groups.

Conclusions: Further standardization of study design and methods is needed to make the results comparable.

Citing Articles

Risk for molar incisor hypomineralization in children with hypomineralizations in the deciduous dentition: a case-control study on children from a Swiss suburban region.

Manz A, Mussig D, Wegehaupt F, Attin T, Sahrmann P BMC Oral Health. 2025; 25(1):360.

PMID: 40057677 PMC: 11890540. DOI: 10.1186/s12903-025-05720-0.

Knowledge, assessment and treatment of molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH) among German dentists.

Ostermann C, Splieth C, Alkilzy M Clin Oral Investig. 2025; 29(3):171.

PMID: 40050549 PMC: 11885356. DOI: 10.1007/s00784-025-06249-w.

Navigating the Complexities of Molar Incisor Hypomineralization: Challenges and Strategies in Pediatric Dentistry.

Al-Nerabieah Z, AlKhouli M, Dashash M Int J Dent. 2025; 2025():9329492.

PMID: 39811496 PMC: 11732276. DOI: 10.1155/ijod/9329492.

Prevalence of hypomineralised second primary molars and molar incisor hypomineralisation in patients with cleft lip and/or palate.

van der Knaap-Kind L, van der Kaaij N, Nijst S, Verhulst E, Koudstaal M, Wolvius E Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 2024; 26(1):131-137.

PMID: 39673020 DOI: 10.1007/s40368-024-00980-w.

Knowledge, and treatment of molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH) among dentists in Jordan: a cross-sectional questionnaire based study.

Hussein A, Bataineh M, Khader Y, Al-Batayneh O Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 2024; .

PMID: 39476170 DOI: 10.1007/s40368-024-00953-z.

References

Elfrink M, Schuller A, Weerheijm K, Veerkamp J . Hypomineralized second primary molars: prevalence data in Dutch 5-year-olds. Caries Res. 2008; 42(4):282-5. DOI: 10.1159/000135674. View

Weerheijm K, Jalevik B, Alaluusua S . Molar-incisor hypomineralisation. Caries Res. 2001; 35(5):390-1. DOI: 10.1159/000047479. View

Kusku O, Caglar E, Sandalli N . The prevalence and aetiology of molar-incisor hypomineralisation in a group of children in Istanbul. Eur J Paediatr Dent. 2008; 9(3):139-44. View

Lygidakis N, Dimou G, Briseniou E . Molar-incisor-hypomineralisation (MIH). Retrospective clinical study in Greek children. I. Prevalence and defect characteristics. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 2008; 9(4):200-6. DOI: 10.1007/BF03262636. View

Dietrich G, Sperling S, Hetzer G . Molar incisor hypomineralisation in a group of children and adolescents living in Dresden (Germany). Eur J Paediatr Dent. 2003; 4(3):133-7. View

Weerheijm K, Duggal M, Mejare I, Papagiannoulis L, Koch G, Martens L . Judgement criteria for molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH) in epidemiologic studies: a summary of the European meeting on MIH held in Athens, 2003. Eur J Paediatr Dent. 2003; 4(3):110-3. View

Balmer R, Laskey D, Mahoney E, Toumba K . Prevalence of enamel defects and MIH in non-fluoridated and fluoridated communities. Eur J Paediatr Dent. 2006; 6(4):209-12. View

Jalevik B, Klingberg G, Barregard L, Noren J . The prevalence of demarcated opacities in permanent first molars in a group of Swedish children. Acta Odontol Scand. 2001; 59(5):255-60. DOI: 10.1080/000163501750541093. View

Jasulaityte L, Weerheijm K, Veerkamp J . Prevalence of molar-incisor-hypomineralisation among children participating in the Dutch National Epidemiological Survey (2003). Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 2008; 9(4):218-23. DOI: 10.1007/BF03262638. View

10.

Muratbegovic A, Markovic N, Ganibegovic Selimovic M . Molar incisor hypomineralisation in Bosnia and Herzegovina: aetiology and clinical consequences in medium caries activity population. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 2007; 8(4):189-94. DOI: 10.1007/BF03262595. View

11.

Cho S, Ki Y, Chu V . Molar incisor hypomineralization in Hong Kong Chinese children. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2008; 18(5):348-52. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-263X.2008.00927.x. View

12.

Koch G, Hallonsten A, Ludvigsson N, Hansson B, Holst A, Ullbro C . Epidemiologic study of idiopathic enamel hypomineralization in permanent teeth of Swedish children. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 1987; 15(5):279-85. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0528.1987.tb00538.x. View

13.

. A review of the developmental defects of enamel index (DDE Index). Commission on Oral Health, Research & Epidemiology. Report of an FDI Working Group. Int Dent J. 1992; 42(6):411-26. View

14.

Jasulaityte L, Veerkamp J, Weerheijm K . Molar incisor hypomineralization: review and prevalence data from the study of primary school children in Kaunas/Lithuania. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 2007; 8(2):87-94. DOI: 10.1007/BF03262575. View

15.

Leppaniemi A, Lukinmaa P, Alaluusua S . Nonfluoride hypomineralizations in the permanent first molars and their impact on the treatment need. Caries Res. 2000; 35(1):36-40. DOI: 10.1159/000047428. View

16.

Wogelius P, Haubek D, Poulsen S . Prevalence and distribution of demarcated opacities in permanent 1st molars and incisors in 6 to 8-year-old Danish children. Acta Odontol Scand. 2008; 66(1):58-64. DOI: 10.1080/00016350801926941. View

17.

Calderara P, Gerthoux P, Mocarelli P, Lukinmaa P, Tramacere P, Alaluusua S . The prevalence of Molar Incisor Hypomineralisation (MIH) in a group of Italian school children. Eur J Paediatr Dent. 2005; 6(2):79-83. View

18.

Kemoli A . Prevalence of molar incisor hypomineralisation in six to eight year-olds in two rural divisions in Kenya. East Afr Med J. 2009; 85(10):514-9. DOI: 10.4314/eamj.v85i10.9668. View

19.

Fteita D, Ali A, Alaluusua S . Molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH) in a group of school-aged children in Benghazi, Libya. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 2006; 7(2):92-5. DOI: 10.1007/BF03320821. View

20.

Kukleva M, Petrova S, Kondeva V, Nihtyanova T . Molar incisor hypomineralisation in 7-to-14-year old children in Plovdiv, Bulgaria--an epidemiologic study. Folia Med (Plovdiv). 2008; 50(3):71-5. View