Update on the Medical Treatment of Graves' Ophthalmopathy
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Purpose: To review recent advances in the understanding of Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO) pathogenesis as well as discuss current and future medical management strategies.
Design: Interpretive essay.
Methods: Literature review and interpretation.
Results: Medical treatment of GO has slowly evolved during the past few decades and has been hampered by a poor understanding of the disease at a cellular and molecular level. Current treatment recommendations and guidelines therefore focus on nonspecific immuno-suppression. Newer classes of treatment agents hold promise to more selectively target underlying cellular and molecular alterations in GO.
Conclusion: Cooperation between individual patients, physicians and between differing medical centers, together with a refined understanding of the pathogenesis of GO, will lead to newer more-effective treatments for the disease and improve patient quality of life.
Medical management of thyroid eye disease.
Yang D, Gonzalez M, Durairaj V Saudi J Ophthalmol. 2013; 25(1):3-13.
PMID: 23960897 PMC: 3729509. DOI: 10.1016/j.sjopt.2010.10.001.