Outpatient Management of Chronic Kidney Disease: Proteinuria, Anemia and Bone Disease As Therapeutic Targets

There is increasing emphasis on chronic kidney disease (CKD), owing to its prevalence and its association with cardiovascular risk. Important issues concerning treatment of CKD are delaying its progression, improving patients' quality of life, and decreasing related mortality. These issues can be addressed with certain therapeutic options, targeting proteinuria, anemia, and secondary hyperparathyroidism. The management options and possible benefits related to treatment of these complications of CKD are reviewed.