Multidimensional Analysis of Treatment Adherence in Patients with Multiple Chronic Conditions. A Cross-sectional Study in a Tertiary Hospital

Objective: Determine treatment adherence in patients with multiple chronic conditions (MCC).

Methods: A random patient sample ≥ 15 years, discharged from hospital with ≥1 chronic conditions (CC) was interviewed after 6-12 months. Analysis included variables in 5 dimensions (WHO): socio-demographics, disease, treatment, patient and health system characteristics. Morisky-Green adherence questionnaire was used. High chronic treatment complexity was defined as: >3 pills/day, >6 inhalations/day, >1 injection/day, pharmacological treatment plus diet or self-monitoring techniques.

Results: 301 patients were interviewed (62 ± 15 years, 59% males). Despite good treatment information perception (79%), only 3% followed the patient education programme. Poor adherents (82%) were older (64 ± 14 years vs. 55 ± 16 years), had more CC (3.25 ± 2.02 vs. 2.62 ± 2.72), a higher frequency of hypertension (44% vs. 15%), ischaemic heart diseases: (21% vs. 4%), hyperlipidaemia (19% vs. 6%), more pills/day (5.78 ± 4.14 vs. 3.20 ± 4.70) and more complex treatments (95% vs. 70%) (p<0.05). On multivariate analysis number of CC [3.68 (0.75-18.15)], pills/day [2.23 (1.02-4.84)], treatment complexity [4.00 (1.45-11.04)], and hypertension [2.57 (1.06-6.25)] were predictive of poor adherence (OR 95% CI p<0.05).

Conclusion: The WHO conceptual framework allows the construction of poor adherence risk profiles in patients with MCC after hospital discharge.

Practice Implications: Predictive variables of poor adherence could help clinicians detect patients with MCC most likely to present poor adherence.