Identification of the Nucleoli of Giardia Lamblia with TEM and CFM

Overview

Journal Parasitol Res

Specialty Parasitology

Date 2010 Feb 16

PMID 20155373

Citations 5

Authors

Xi Feng Tian

Zhi Hong Yang

Haie Shen

R D Adam

Si Qi Lu

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Giardia species are flagellated parasites of vertebrates and belong to the diplomonads, most of which have two nuclei. These organisms were classified among the earliest branching eukaryotes on the basis of small subunit rDNA sequences and their lack of many canonical organelles. However, some of these organelles have subsequently been identified in rudimentary form, such as Golgi that become apparent during encystation. One of the "missing" organelles has been the nucleolus, the site of rRNA synthesis, since it was not identified in earlier ultrastructural studies. In the current study, we visualized in-vitro-grown Giardia lamblia trophozoites by transmission electron microscopy and laser scanning confocal microscopy. We found that each of the two nuclei contains a single small and deeply stained granular nucleolus, thus demonstrating that Giardia does indeed have nucleoli.

Citing Articles

Giardia fibrillarin: a bioinformatics exploration of sequence and structure.

Lagunas-Rangel F J Appl Genet. 2024; 66(1):241-248.

PMID: 39527366 PMC: 11761994. DOI: 10.1007/s13353-024-00920-w.

The nucleolus of Giardia and its ribosomal biogenesis.

Lagunas-Rangel F Parasitol Res. 2023; 122(9):1961-1971.

PMID: 37400534 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-023-07915-2.

The evolution of the Puf superfamily of proteins across the tree of eukaryotes.

Najdrova V, Stairs C, Vinopalova M, Voleman L, Dolezal P BMC Biol. 2020; 18(1):77.

PMID: 32605621 PMC: 7325665. DOI: 10.1186/s12915-020-00814-3.

Proximity Staining Using Enzymatic Protein Tagging in Diplomonads.

Astvaldsson A, Hultenby K, Svard S, Jerlstrom-Hultqvist J mSphere. 2019; 4(2).

PMID: 30894436 PMC: 6429047. DOI: 10.1128/mSphereDirect.00153-19.

Interactions between Giardia duodenalis Sm proteins and their association with spliceosomal snRNAs.

Gomez V, Wasserman M Parasitol Res. 2016; 116(2):617-626.

PMID: 27864674 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-016-5326-5.

References

Narcisi E, Glover C, Fechheimer M . Fibrillarin, a conserved pre-ribosomal RNA processing protein of Giardia. J Eukaryot Microbiol. 1998; 45(1):105-11. DOI: 10.1111/j.1550-7408.1998.tb05077.x. View

Tovar J, Leon-Avila G, Sanchez L, Sutak R, Tachezy J, van der Giezen M . Mitochondrial remnant organelles of Giardia function in iron-sulphur protein maturation. Nature. 2003; 426(6963):172-6. DOI: 10.1038/nature01945. View

Sogin M, Gunderson J, Elwood H, Alonso R, Peattie D . Phylogenetic meaning of the kingdom concept: an unusual ribosomal RNA from Giardia lamblia. Science. 1989; 243(4887):75-7. DOI: 10.1126/science.2911720. View

Guo J, Chen Y, Zhou K, Li J . Distribution of rDNA in the nucleus of Giardia lamblia: detection by Ag-I silver stain. Anal Quant Cytol Histol. 2005; 27(2):79-82. View

Cavalier-Smith T . Kingdom protozoa and its 18 phyla. Microbiol Rev. 1993; 57(4):953-94. PMC: 372943. DOI: 10.1128/mr.57.4.953-994.1993. View

Lujan H, Marotta A, Mowatt M, Sciaky N, Lippincott-Schwartz J, Nash T . Developmental induction of Golgi structure and function in the primitive eukaryote Giardia lamblia. J Biol Chem. 1995; 270(9):4612-8. DOI: 10.1074/jbc.270.9.4612. View

Saraiya A, Wang C . snoRNA, a novel precursor of microRNA in Giardia lamblia. PLoS Pathog. 2008; 4(11):e1000224. PMC: 2583053. DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1000224. View

Jimenez-Garcia L, Zavala G, Chavez-Munguia B, Ramos-Godinez M, Lopez-Velazquez G, Segura-Valdez M . Identification of nucleoli in the early branching protist Giardia duodenalis. Int J Parasitol. 2008; 38(11):1297-304. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2008.04.012. View

Keister D . Axenic culture of Giardia lamblia in TYI-S-33 medium supplemented with bile. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1983; 77(4):487-8. DOI: 10.1016/0035-9203(83)90120-7. View

10.

Adl S, Simpson A, Farmer M, Andersen R, Anderson O, Barta J . The new higher level classification of eukaryotes with emphasis on the taxonomy of protists. J Eukaryot Microbiol. 2005; 52(5):399-451. DOI: 10.1111/j.1550-7408.2005.00053.x. View

11.

Simpson A, Inagaki Y, Roger A . Comprehensive multigene phylogenies of excavate protists reveal the evolutionary positions of "primitive" eukaryotes. Mol Biol Evol. 2005; 23(3):615-25. DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msj068. View

12.

Solovev M . [CYTOCHEMICAL STUDY OF LAMBLIA DUODENALIS]. Med Parazitol (Mosk). 1963; 32:675-8. View

13.

Lu S, Wang Z, Yan G, Chen P, Zhu H, Gao Z . Four isolates of Giardia lamblia cultivated axenically in China and the restriction endonuclease analysis of their DNA. J Parasitol. 1996; 82(4):659-61. View

14.

Adam R . Biology of Giardia lamblia. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2001; 14(3):447-75. PMC: 88984. DOI: 10.1128/CMR.14.3.447-475.2001. View

15.

Andersson J, Sarchfield S, Roger A . Gene transfers from nanoarchaeota to an ancestor of diplomonads and parabasalids. Mol Biol Evol. 2004; 22(1):85-90. DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msh254. View

16.

Friend D . The fine structure of Giardia muris. J Cell Biol. 1966; 29(2):317-32. PMC: 2106914. DOI: 10.1083/jcb.29.2.317. View

17.

Morrison H, McArthur A, Gillin F, Aley S, Adam R, Olsen G . Genomic minimalism in the early diverging intestinal parasite Giardia lamblia. Science. 2007; 317(5846):1921-6. DOI: 10.1126/science.1143837. View

18.

Reiner D, McCaffery M, Gillin F . Sorting of cyst wall proteins to a regulated secretory pathway during differentiation of the primitive eukaryote, Giardia lamblia. Eur J Cell Biol. 1990; 53(1):142-53. View