Prevalence and Predictors of Recurrence of Major Depressive Disorder in the Adult Population

Overview

Journal Acta Psychiatr Scand

Specialty Psychiatry

Date 2009 Dec 17

PMID 20003092

Citations 169

Authors

F Hardeveld

J Spijker

R de Graaf

W A Nolen

A T F Beekman

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Objective: Knowledge of the risk of recurrence after recovery of a major depressive disorder (MDD) is of clinical and scientific importance. The purpose of this paper was to provide a systematic review of the prevalence and predictors of recurrence of MDD.

Method: Studies were searched in Medline en PsychINFO using the search terms 'recur*', 'relaps*', 'depress*', 'predict*' and course.

Results: Recurrence of MDD in specialised mental healthcare settings is high (60% after 5 years, 67% after 10 years and 85% after 15 years) and seems lower in the general population (35% after 15 years). Number of previous episodes and subclinical residual symptoms appear to be the most important predictors. Gender, civil status and socioeconomic status seem not related to the recurrence of MDD.

Conclusion: Clinical factors seem the most important predictors of recurrence. Data from studies performed in the general population and primary care on the recurrent course of MDD are scarce.

Citing Articles

The Novel Imipramine-Magnesium Complex Exerts Antidepressant-like Activity in Mice Subjected to the Forced Swim Test and the Tail Suspension Test.

Serefko A, Lachowicz-Radulska J, Szopa A, Herbet M, Czylkowska A, Ignatiuk K Molecules. 2025; 30(3).

PMID: 39942624 PMC: 11820773. DOI: 10.3390/molecules30030519.

Disrupted NAD(P) Metabolism and Xanthine Dehydrogenase in a Stress-Induced Rat Model of Depression: NMR Metabolomics Insights.

Chen S, Wei J, Wang Y, Yao Y, Wang H, Peng J Metabolites. 2024; 14(12).

PMID: 39728441 PMC: 11676094. DOI: 10.3390/metabo14120660.

Functional connectivity profiles in remitted depression and their relation to ruminative thinking.

Fang Z, Lynn E, Knott V, Jaworska N Neuroimage Clin. 2024; 45:103716.

PMID: 39622113 PMC: 11648890. DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2024.103716.

The Evaluation of a Web-Based Intervention (Deprexis) to Decrease Depression and Restore Functioning in Veterans: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Pearson R, Beevers C, Mignogna J, Benzer J, Pfeiffer P, Post E JMIR Res Protoc. 2024; 13:e59119.

PMID: 39446432 PMC: 11544330. DOI: 10.2196/59119.

Modulation of neural oscillations in escitalopram treatment: a Canadian biomarker integration network in depression study.

Schwartzmann B, Chatterjee R, Vaghei Y, Quilty L, Allen T, Arnott S Transl Psychiatry. 2024; 14(1):432.

PMID: 39396045 PMC: 11470922. DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-03110-8.