Heat Shock Proteins and Superantigenic Properties of Bacteria from the Gastrointestinal Tract of Patients with Kawasaki Disease

Overview

Journal Immunology

Specialty Allergy & Immunology

Date 2009 Dec 2

PMID 19950419

Citations 32

Authors

Satoru Nagata

Yuichiro Yamashiro

Yoshikazu Ohtsuka

Toshiaki Shimizu

Yumiko Sakurai

Shigeki Misawa

Teruyo Ito

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

We previously suggested that gut bacteria may be involved in the onset of Kawasaki disease (KD). In this study, we evaluated the production of heat shock proteins (hsps) and superantigens (sAgs) by microorganisms isolated from the jejunal mucosa of 19 children with KD in the acute phase and from 15 age-matched control children. We identified 13 strains of Gram-negative microbes from patients with KD; these microbes produced large amounts of hsp60 and induced pro-inflammatory cytokine production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The Gram-negative microbes also elicited endogenous hsp60 production, leading to the secretion of anti-inflammatory intereukin-10 (IL-10). We also identified 18 strains of Gram-positive cocci that had superantigenic properties and which induced the expansion of Vbeta2 T cells in vitro. All bacteria identified in this study were antibiotic resistant. These data suggest that sAg and hsps produced by gut bacteria might be involved in KD.

Citing Articles

The Future of Kawasaki Disease Diagnosis: Liquid Biopsy May Hold the Key.

Markandran K, Clemente K, Tan E, Attal K, Chee Q, Cheung C Int J Mol Sci. 2024; 25(15).

PMID: 39125631 PMC: 11311979. DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158062.

Interplay between the Chaperone System and Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Pathogenesis: Is Molecular Mimicry the Missing Link between Those Two Factors?.

Vitale A, Paladino L, Caruso Bavisotto C, Barone R, Rappa F, de Macario E Int J Mol Sci. 2024; 25(11).

PMID: 38891798 PMC: 11171487. DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115608.

Advancing lifelong precision medicine for cardiovascular diseases through gut microbiota modulation.

Shi B, Li H, He X Gut Microbes. 2024; 16(1):2323237.

PMID: 38411391 PMC: 10900281. DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2323237.

Risk factors and an early predictive model for Kawasaki disease shock syndrome in Chinese children.

Zhang M, Wang C, Li Q, Wang H, Li X Ital J Pediatr. 2024; 50(1):22.

PMID: 38310292 PMC: 10837898. DOI: 10.1186/s13052-024-01597-x.

Emerging evidence of microbial infection in causing systematic immune vasculitis in Kawasaki disease.

Wang W, Zhu L, Li X, Liu Z, Lv H, Qian G Front Microbiol. 2024; 14:1313838.

PMID: 38188572 PMC: 10771848. DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1313838.

References

Takeshita S, Kawase H, Yamamoto M, Fujisawa T, Sekine I, Yoshioka S . Increased expression of human 63-kD heat shock protein gene in Kawasaki disease determined by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Pediatr Res. 1994; 35(2):179-83. DOI: 10.1203/00006450-199402000-00010. View

Osterloh A, Veit A, Gessner A, Fleischer B, Breloer M . Hsp60-mediated T cell stimulation is independent of TLR4 and IL-12. Int Immunol. 2008; 20(3):433-43. DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxn003. View

Mandal K, Afzal A, Brecker S, Poloniecki J, Xu Q, Jahangiri M . Association of serum soluble heat shock protein 60 with toll-like receptor 4 polymorphism and severity of coronary artery disease. Heart. 2006; 92(5):683-5. PMC: 1860950. DOI: 10.1136/hrt.2004.059170. View

Rowley A . The etiology of Kawasaki disease: superantigen or conventional antigen?. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1999; 18(1):69-70. DOI: 10.1097/00006454-199901000-00018. View

Burns J, Glode M . Kawasaki syndrome. Lancet. 2004; 364(9433):533-44. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(04)16814-1. View

Mayr M, Metzler B, Kiechl S, Willeit J, Schett G, Xu Q . Endothelial cytotoxicity mediated by serum antibodies to heat shock proteins of Escherichia coli and Chlamydia pneumoniae: immune reactions to heat shock proteins as a possible link between infection and atherosclerosis. Circulation. 1999; 99(12):1560-6. DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.99.12.1560. View

Wick G, Perschinka H, Xu Q . Autoimmunity and atherosclerosis. Am Heart J. 1999; 138(5 Pt 2):S444-9. DOI: 10.1016/s0002-8703(99)70272-3. View

Normann E, Naas J, Gnarpe J, Backman H, Gnarpe H . Demonstration of Chlamydia pneumoniae in cardiovascular tissues from children with Kawasaki disease. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1999; 18(1):72-3. DOI: 10.1097/00006454-199901000-00020. View

Choi I, Chwae Y, Shim W, Kim D, Kwon D, Kim J . Clonal expansion of CD8+ T cells in Kawasaki disease. J Immunol. 1997; 159(1):481-6. View

10.

Southwood S, Sidney J, Kondo A, del Guercio M, Appella E, Hoffman S . Several common HLA-DR types share largely overlapping peptide binding repertoires. J Immunol. 1998; 160(7):3363-73. View

11.

Kumarapeli A, Wang X . Genetic modification of the heart: chaperones and the cytoskeleton. J Mol Cell Cardiol. 2004; 37(6):1097-109. DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2004.07.004. View

12.

Esper F, Shapiro E, Weibel C, Ferguson D, Landry M, Kahn J . Association between a novel human coronavirus and Kawasaki disease. J Infect Dis. 2005; 191(4):499-502. PMC: 7199489. DOI: 10.1086/428291. View

13.

Sireci G, Dieli F, Salerno A . T cells recognize an immunodominant epitope of heat shock protein 65 in Kawasaki disease. Mol Med. 2000; 6(7):581-90. PMC: 1949968. View

14.

Yokota S, Tsubaki K, Kuriyama T, Shimizu H, Ibe M, Mitsuda T . Presence in Kawasaki disease of antibodies to mycobacterial heat-shock protein HSP65 and autoantibodies to epitopes of human HSP65 cognate antigen. Clin Immunol Immunopathol. 1993; 67(2):163-70. DOI: 10.1006/clin.1993.1060. View

15.

Schett G, Xu Q, Amberger A, van der Zee R, Recheis H, Willeit J . Autoantibodies against heat shock protein 60 mediate endothelial cytotoxicity. J Clin Invest. 1995; 96(6):2569-77. PMC: 185960. DOI: 10.1172/JCI118320. View

16.

Leung D, Gately M, Trumble A, Schlievert P, Picker L . Bacterial superantigens induce T cell expression of the skin-selective homing receptor, the cutaneous lymphocyte-associated antigen, via stimulation of interleukin 12 production. J Exp Med. 1995; 181(2):747-53. PMC: 2191866. DOI: 10.1084/jem.181.2.747. View

17.

Laemmli U . Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature. 1970; 227(5259):680-5. DOI: 10.1038/227680a0. View

18.

Barton M, Melbourne R, Morais P, Christie C . Kawasaki syndrome associated with group A streptococcal and Epstein-Barr virus co-infections. Ann Trop Paediatr. 2002; 22(3):257-60. DOI: 10.1179/027249302125001543. View

19.

Yamashiro Y, Nagata S, Oguchi S, Shimizu T . Selective increase of V beta 2+ T cells in the small intestinal mucosa in Kawasaki disease. Pediatr Res. 1996; 39(2):264-6. DOI: 10.1203/00006450-199602000-00013. View

20.

Pockley A . Heat shock proteins as regulators of the immune response. Lancet. 2003; 362(9382):469-76. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(03)14075-5. View