The Cancer Anorexia-cachexia Syndrome: Myth or Reality?

Overview

Journal Support Care Cancer

Specialties Critical Care
Oncology

Date 2009 Nov 26

PMID 19937260

Citations 16

Authors

Wael Lasheen

Declan Walsh

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background: Controversy exists as what constitutes the cancer anorexia-cachexia syndrome (CACS), and whether it truly is a distinct clinical disorder. In this study, we aimed to: (1) assess if CACS is a distinct clinical disorder, (2) identify the symptoms characteristic of CACS, (3) evaluate CACS impact on patient outcomes (symptom burden and survival time from referral).

Methods: Consecutive patients referred to palliative medicine were assessed by 38-symptom questionnaire. Demographics, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG), disease and extent, and survival were recorded. CACS, defined as anorexia plus weight loss (>10% of pre-illness weight). For analysis, patients were divided into four groups: (1) group CACS; (2) group A (only anorexia, NO >10% pre-illness weight loss); (3) group WL (weight loss >10% pre-illness weight only but NO anorexia); and (4) group N (NO weight loss >10% pre-illness weight and NO anorexia). Symptoms present in > or =5%, and patients with complete data were analyzed.

Results: Four hundred eighty-four patients had complete data, metastatic cancer, and 26 symptoms present in > or =5%. Groups had significantly different ECOG, symptom burden, and survival. Significantly different symptom prevalence between groups: dry mouth,*early satiety,*constipation,*nausea,*taste changes,*vomiting,*dysphagia,*fatigue,*weak,*lack of energy, insomnia, dyspnea, depression, hoarseness, and anxiety. The nine symptoms with asterisk were CACS specific. Symptom Burden: CACS independently predicted greatest burden. Survival: Group N had significantly longer survival.

Conclusions: CACS appeared to be a distinct disorder with unique clinical characteristics in our advanced cancer population. Nine other symptoms constituted CACS. CACS independently predicted higher symptom burden. CACS absence predicted longer survival. More evidence is needed to better characterize this syndrome and generate a valid CACS consensus. A comprehensive validated CACS assessment instrument is required.

Citing Articles

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The Effect of Mediterranean Diet on Body Composition, Inflammatory Factors, and Nutritional Status in Patients with Cachexia Induced by Colorectal Cancer: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

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A multicenter, open-label, single-arm study of anamorelin (ONO-7643) in advanced gastrointestinal cancer patients with cancer cachexia.

Hamauchi S, Furuse J, Takano T, Munemoto Y, Furuya K, Baba H Cancer. 2019; 125(23):4294-4302.

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