Predictors of Smoking Relapse by Duration of Abstinence: Findings from the International Tobacco Control (ITC) Four Country Survey

Overview

Journal Addiction

Specialty Psychiatry

Date 2009 Nov 20

PMID 19922574

Citations 96

Authors

Natalie Herd

Ron Borland

Andrew Hyland

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Aim: To explore predictors of smoking relapse and how predictors vary according to duration of abstinence.

Design, Setting And Participants: A longitudinal survey of 1296 ex-smokers recruited as part of the International Tobacco Control (ITC) Four Country Survey (Australia, Canada, United Kingdom and United States). Measurements Quitters were interviewed by telephone at varying durations of abstinence (from 1 day to approximately 3 years) and then followed-up approximately 1 year later. Theorized predictors of relapse (i.e. urges to smoke; outcome expectancies of smoking and quitting; and abstinence self-efficacy) and nicotine dependence were measured in the survey.

Findings: Relapse was associated with lower abstinence self-efficacy and a higher frequency of urges to smoke, but only after the first month or so of quitting. Both these measures mediated relationships between perceived benefits of smoking and relapse. Perceived costs of smoking and benefits of quitting were unrelated to relapse.

Conclusions: Challenging perceived benefits of smoking may be an effective way to increase abstinence self-efficacy and reduce frequency of urges to smoke (particularly after the initial weeks of quitting), in order to reduce subsequent relapse risk.

Citing Articles

Repeated participation in hospital smoking cessation services and its effectiveness in smoking cessation: a seven-year observational study in Taiwan.

Yang P, Chien Y, Luh D Arch Public Health. 2024; 82(1):241.

PMID: 39716266 PMC: 11667918. DOI: 10.1186/s13690-024-01452-9.

Efficacy of a conversational chatbot for cigarette smoking cessation: Protocol of the QuitBot full-scale randomized controlled trial.

Bricker J, Sullivan B, Mull K, Lavista-Ferres J, Santiago-Torres M Contemp Clin Trials. 2024; 147:107727.

PMID: 39490766 PMC: 11620904. DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2024.107727.

AERIFY-1/2: two phase 3, randomised, controlled trials of itepekimab in former smokers with moderate-to-severe COPD.

Rabe K, Martinez F, Bhatt S, Kawayama T, Cosio B, Mroz R ERJ Open Res. 2024; 10(5).

PMID: 39319046 PMC: 11417606. DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00718-2023.

Modeling the population health impact of accurate and inaccurate perceptions of harm from nicotine.

Hannel T, Wei L, Muhammad-Kah R, Largo E, Sarkar M Harm Reduct J. 2024; 21(1):145.

PMID: 39123205 PMC: 11312148. DOI: 10.1186/s12954-024-01059-x.

Smoking patterns by birth cohort in Argentina: an age-period-cohort population-based modeling study.

Salgado M, Mok Y, Jeon J, Jaffri M, Tam J, Holford T Lancet Reg Health Am. 2024; 36:100823.

PMID: 39006127 PMC: 11246057. DOI: 10.1016/j.lana.2024.100823.

References

Hyland A, Borland R, Li Q, Yong H, McNeill A, Fong G . Individual-level predictors of cessation behaviours among participants in the International Tobacco Control (ITC) Four Country Survey. Tob Control. 2006; 15 Suppl 3:iii83-94. PMC: 2593055. DOI: 10.1136/tc.2005.013516. View

Blondal T, Gudmundsson L, Olafsdottir I, Gustavsson G, Westin A . Nicotine nasal spray with nicotine patch for smoking cessation: randomised trial with six year follow up. BMJ. 1999; 318(7179):285-8. PMC: 27708. DOI: 10.1136/bmj.318.7179.285. View

French S, Jeffery R, Pirie P, McBride C . Do weight concerns hinder smoking cessation efforts?. Addict Behav. 1992; 17(3):219-26. DOI: 10.1016/0306-4603(92)90027-s. View

Segan C, Borland R, Greenwood K . Can transtheoretical model measures predict relapse from the action stage of change among ex-smokers who quit after calling a quitline?. Addict Behav. 2005; 31(3):414-28. DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2005.05.023. View

Marlatt G, Curry S, Gordon J . A longitudinal analysis of unaided smoking cessation. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1988; 56(5):715-20. DOI: 10.1037//0022-006x.56.5.715. View

Hughes J, Keely J, Naud S . Shape of the relapse curve and long-term abstinence among untreated smokers. Addiction. 2003; 99(1):29-38. DOI: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2004.00540.x. View

Hyland A, Li Q, Bauer J, Giovino G, Steger C, Cummings K . Predictors of cessation in a cohort of current and former smokers followed over 13 years. Nicotine Tob Res. 2005; 6 Suppl 3:S363-9. DOI: 10.1080/14622200412331320761. View

Etter J, Le Houezec J, Perneger T . A self-administered questionnaire to measure dependence on cigarettes: the cigarette dependence scale. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2003; 28(2):359-70. DOI: 10.1038/sj.npp.1300030. View

Stuart K, Borland R, McMurray N . Self-efficacy, health locus of control, and smoking cessation. Addict Behav. 1994; 19(1):1-12. DOI: 10.1016/0306-4603(94)90046-9. View

10.

Fong G, Cummings K, Borland R, Hastings G, Hyland A, Giovino G . The conceptual framework of the International Tobacco Control (ITC) Policy Evaluation Project. Tob Control. 2006; 15 Suppl 3:iii3-11. PMC: 2593053. DOI: 10.1136/tc.2005.015438. View

11.

Shiffman S, Balabanis M, Paty J, Engberg J, Gwaltney C, Liu K . Dynamic effects of self-efficacy on smoking lapse and relapse. Health Psychol. 2000; 19(4):315-23. DOI: 10.1037//0278-6133.19.4.315. View

12.

Dijkstra A, Borland R . Residual outcome expectations and relapse in ex-smokers. Health Psychol. 2003; 22(4):340-6. DOI: 10.1037/0278-6133.22.4.340. View

13.

Shiffman S, Paty J, Gnys M, Kassel J, Hickcox M . First lapses to smoking: within-subjects analysis of real-time reports. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1996; 64(2):366-79. DOI: 10.1037//0022-006x.64.2.366. View

14.

Pisinger C, Jorgensen T . Weight concerns and smoking in a general population: the Inter99 study. Prev Med. 2007; 44(4):283-9. DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2006.11.014. View

15.

Cummings K, Jaen C, Giovino G . Circumstances surrounding relapse in a group of recent exsmokers. Prev Med. 1985; 14(2):195-202. DOI: 10.1016/0091-7435(85)90035-0. View

16.

Brandon T, Lazev A, Juliano L . Very delayed smoking relapse warrants research attention. Psychol Rep. 1998; 83(1):72-4. DOI: 10.2466/pr0.1998.83.1.72. View

17.

Norregaard J, Tonnesen P, Petersen L . Predictors and reasons for relapse in smoking cessation with nicotine and placebo patches. Prev Med. 1993; 22(2):261-71. DOI: 10.1006/pmed.1993.1021. View

18.

Borland R, Yong H, King B, Cummings K, Fong G, Elton-Marshall T . Use of and beliefs about light cigarettes in four countries: findings from the International Tobacco Control Policy Evaluation Survey. Nicotine Tob Res. 2005; 6 Suppl 3:S311-21. DOI: 10.1080/1462220412331320716. View

19.

Herd N, Borland R . The natural history of quitting smoking: findings from the International Tobacco Control (ITC) Four Country Survey. Addiction. 2009; 104(12):2075-87. PMC: 4535933. DOI: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2009.02731.x. View

20.

Jones B, Corbin W, Fromme K . A review of expectancy theory and alcohol consumption. Addiction. 2001; 96(1):57-72. DOI: 10.1046/j.1360-0443.2001.961575.x. View