Foreskin Development in 10 421 Chinese Boys Aged 0-18 Years

Overview

Journal World J Pediatr

Specialty Pediatrics

Date 2009 Nov 14

PMID 19911150

Citations 11

Authors

Chao Yang

Xing Liu

Guang-Hui Wei

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background: Few studies on foreskin development and the practice of circumcision have been done in Chinese boys. This study aimed to determine the natural development process of foreskin in children.

Methods: A total of 10 421 boys aged 0 to 18 years were studied. The condition of foreskin was classified into type I (phimosis), type II (partial phimosis), type III (adhesion of prepuce), type IV (normal), and type V (circumcised). Other abnormalities of the genitalia were also determined.

Results: The incidence of a completely retractile foreskin increased from 0% at birth to 42.26% in adolescence; however, the phimosis rate decreased with age from 99.7% to 6.81%. Other abnormalities included web penis, concealed penis, cryptorchidism, hydrocele, micropenis, inguinal hernia, and hypospadias.

Conclusions: Incomplete separation of foreskin is common in children. Since it is a natural phenomenon to approach the adult condition until puberty, circumcision should be performed with cautions in children.

Citing Articles

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Reply to Morris et al. re: 'The medical evidence on non-therapeutic circumcision of infants and boys-setting the record straight'.

Deacon M, Muir G Int J Impot Res. 2022; 35(3):267-268.

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Re: The medical evidence on non-therapeutic circumcision of infants and boys-setting the record straight.

Morris B, Moreton S, Krieger J, Klausner J, Cox G Int J Impot Res. 2022; 35(3):264-266.

PMID: 35790855 PMC: 10159844. DOI: 10.1038/s41443-022-00579-z.

Evaluation of topical corticosteroids in children with phimosis through morphological and immunohistochemical analyses of the foreskin.

Sabino Borges L, Meirelles M, Bernardes N, de Castro F, Helmo F, Rocha L Afr J Paediatr Surg. 2020; 16(1):17-22.

PMID: 32952135 PMC: 7759080. DOI: 10.4103/ajps.AJPS_119_16.

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