Genetic Polymorphism C.1562C>T of the MMP-9 is Associated with Macroangiopathy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Objective: To determine whether the matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) c.1562C>T polymorphism has an effect on the plasma MMP-9 levels and the macroangiopathic complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods: The genotypes and allelic frequencies of the MMP-9 c.1562C>T were examined with polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism in 320 patients with T2DM and 160 unrelated healthy subjects. The plasma concentrations of MMP-9 were determined in all subjects.

Results: The mean plasma concentrations of MMP-9 of patients with T2DM were significantly higher than that of controls and the plasma levels of MMP-9 were higher in diabetic patients with macroangiopathy than in patients without macroangiopathy (P<0.05). The genotype (CC, CT, and TT) distribution of c.1562C>T polymorphism of the MMP-9 gene was 60.0%, 31.3%, and 8.8% in diabetic patients with macroangiopathy, 76.3%, 21.3%, and 2.5% in patients without macroangiopathy, and 77.5%, 21.3%, 1.3% in controls, respectively, a significant difference was found between diabetic patients with and without macroangiopathy (P<0.05). The frequency of the allele T was higher in patients with macroangiopathy than in patients without macroangiopathy (24.4% vs 13.1%; P<0.05). Moreover, the plasma MMP-9 levels were markedly higher in patients with TT genotype than those with CC or CT genotype in patients with macroangiopathy (P<0.05).

Conclusion: The MMP-9 c.1562C>T gene polymorphism associated with a predisposition to increased plasma MMP-9 levels could constitute a useful predictive marker for diabetic macroangiopathy.