Alcohol Up-regulates TLR2 Through a NO/cGMP Dependent Pathway

Overview

Journal Alcohol Clin Exp Res

Specialty Psychiatry

Date 2009 Oct 29

PMID 19860807

Citations 9

Authors

Kristina L Bailey

Joseph H Sisson

Debra J Romberger

James E Robinson

Todd A Wyatt

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background: Heavy alcohol consumption is associated with severe bronchitis. This is likely related to increased inflammation in the airways of alcohol abusers. Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) is an important mediator of inflammation in the airway epithelium. TLR2 initiates an inflammatory cascade in response to gram-positive bacteria. We have previously shown that alcohol up-regulates TLR2 in the airway epithelium. However, the mechanism of alcohol-mediated up-regulation of TLR2 has not been identified.

Methods: A human airway epithelial cell line, 16HBE14o-, was exposed to biologically relevant concentrations of alcohol (100 mM) in the presence and absence of N(omega)-Nitro-l-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride, a nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor; and Rp-8-Br-cGMP-S, an antagonist analogue of cGMP. TLR2 was measured using real-time PCR and Western blots. In addition, 16HBE14o- cells were incubated with sodium nitroprusside (SNP), an NO donor, and 8-Br-cGMP, a cGMP analogue. TLR2 was measured using real-time PCR.

Results: N(omega)-Nitro-l-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride blocked the alcohol-mediated up-regulation of TLR2. This indicates that NO plays a key role in alcohol's up-regulation of TLR2. SNP, a NO donor, up-regulated TLR2. Rp-8-Br-CGMP-S attenuated alcohol's up-regulation of TLR2, suggesting that NO was working through cGMP/PKG. 8-Br-cGMP up-regulated TLR2, also demonstrating the importance of cGMP/PKG.

Conclusions: Alcohol up-regulates TLR2 through a NO/cGMP/PKG dependent pathway in the airway epithelium. This is an important observation in the understanding how alcohol modulates airway inflammation. In addition, this is the first time that cyclic nucleotides have been shown to play a role in the regulation of TLR2.

Citing Articles

Alcohol and cannabis use alter pulmonary innate immunity.

Bailey K, Wyatt T, Katafiasz D, Taylor K, Heires A, Sisson J Alcohol. 2018; 80:131-138.

PMID: 30419300 PMC: 6509015. DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2018.11.002.

Intrarenal Toll-like receptor 4 and Toll-like receptor 2 expression correlates with injury in antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis.

OSullivan K, Ford S, Longano A, Kitching A, Holdsworth S Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2018; 315(5):F1283-F1294.

PMID: 29923769 PMC: 6293285. DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00040.2018.

FOXO1 Regulates Bacteria-Induced Neutrophil Activity.

Dong G, Song L, Tian C, Wang Y, Miao F, Zheng J Front Immunol. 2017; 8:1088.

PMID: 28928749 PMC: 5591501. DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01088.

Protection of Gastrointestinal Mucosa from Acute Heavy Alcohol Consumption: The Effect of Berberine and Its Correlation with TLR2, 4/IL1β-TNFα Signaling.

Wang X, Lei F, Du F, Chai Y, Jiang J, Wang Y PLoS One. 2015; 10(7):e0134044.

PMID: 26226164 PMC: 4520689. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134044.

TLR2 and TLR4 Expression and Inflammatory Cytokines are Altered in the Airway Epithelium of Those with Alcohol Use Disorders.

Bailey K, Romberger D, Katafiasz D, Heires A, Sisson J, Wyatt T Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2015; 39(9):1691-7.

PMID: 26208141 PMC: 4843766. DOI: 10.1111/acer.12803.

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